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Test guide by Muhsin Parker > Science 27 August > Flashcards

Science 27 August Flashcards

1
Q

Hydronium makes things

A

Acidic

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2
Q

Hydroxide makes things

A

Basic

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3
Q

Lemon

A

Citric acid

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4
Q

Apple

A

malic acid

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5
Q

Milk

A

lactic acid

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6
Q

Tomato

A

oxalic acid

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7
Q

Grapes

A

tartaric acid

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8
Q

Vinegar

A

Acetic acid

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9
Q

Ant

A

formic acid

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10
Q

Bases that can dissolve in water are called

A

alkalis

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11
Q

A base feels

A

soapy

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12
Q

An acid feel

A

watery

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13
Q

An acid tastes

A

sour

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14
Q

A base tastes

A

bitter

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15
Q

2 strong acids

A

Vinegar, lemon juice

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16
Q

2 strong bases

A

Wasps sting, oven cleaner

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17
Q

2 weak acids

A

Milk, tomatoes

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18
Q

2 weak bases

A

toothpaste, baking soda

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19
Q

Water is

A

Neutral

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20
Q

Very strong acids

A

Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, and Hydrochloric acid

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21
Q

What is reducing

A

To reduce is to use less of a product, or to decide not to use it from the beginning.

22
Q

What is reusing

A

To reuse is to use something again or sending it off to a recycling company instead of throwing it away.

23
Q

What is recycling

A

Recycle refers to a process that breaks down items into raw materials that can be used to create a new item again.

24
Q

3 Advantages when we reduce, reuse, and recycle

A

1) Recycling creates jobs
2) All 3 reduce the waste that will end up in landfills
3) Reduce consumption of natural resources like water
4) Saves energy
5) Using fewer resources will reduce greenhouse gases and slow down global warming
6) Reduces pollution

25
Q

Briefly explain Pollution of water, soil and the environment

A

Chemical waste from factories and mines can enter the water system and pollute the water and soil. This harms the environment, because it pollutants the water, affects the structure of the soil and kills plants and animals

26
Q

Briefly explain Health hazards and diseases

A

Waste which is not disposed of properly increases the number of flies and vermin such as rats in the area. Flies and rats carry diseases that can lead to diarrhoea. Waste released into the air from factories, mines and power plants leads to air pollution. This can cause lung diseases and allergies in people living nearby.

27
Q

What are the negative effects of Poor waste managment

A

Health hazards and diseases
Pollution of water, soil and the environment
Blockage of sewage and water drainage systems
A shortage of landfill sites
Wastage of valuable materials

28
Q

Briefly explain Wastage of valuable materials

A

Materials that could have been reused or recycled are dumped instead.

29
Q

Briefly explain blockage of sewage and water drainage systems

A

This occurs where sewage pipes are not maintained and as a result of flooding, become blocked and overflow. Sewage can then enter drinking water sources and this can lead to an outbreak of diseases such as cholera.

30
Q

Briefly explain A shortage of landfill sites

A

Poor waste management causes more and more waste. This requires more land for landfill sites. Land that could have been used for housing or agriculture is wasted.

31
Q

Quick energy note

A

Energy does not always appear in the same form. Energy forms are either POTENTIAL or KINETIC.

32
Q

What is POTENTIAL energy

A

comes in forms that are stored including: elastic, chemical, gravitational and nuclear and mechanical.

33
Q

What is KINETIC energy

A

forms are doing work including electrical, heat, light motion and sound.

34
Q

What is elastic energy

A

Energy stored in a stretched or compressed object

The amount of energy stored in an energy system depends on the stretch or compression of the material

35
Q

What is chemical potential energy

A

Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules of substances
In order to release this energy, a chemical reaction needs to take place.

36
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Is the stored energy an object has because of its position on Earth. The further away from Earth, the greater its potential energy. The Earth attracts all objects towards its center with the force of gravity.

37
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula

A

Ep=mass x gravitational field strength x height

38
Q

What is Mechanical energy

A

Mechanical energy is the sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or energy stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts.

39
Q

What is an energy system

A

AN ENERGY SYSTEM consists of different parts that work together to store, use or give out energy. When different parts of the system interact, energy is transferred to another form or another place.

40
Q

What is energy transfer

A

ENERGY TRANSFER: movement of energy from one object to another, or the change of energy from one form to another.

41
Q

The law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred or transformed.

42
Q

What is a mechanical system

A

A mechanical system uses forces and movement to do a specific task.
Potential energy can be changed to kinetic energy in a mechanical system.

43
Q

What is a thermal system

A

Are systems where the output energy is heat.

Heat energy is transferred between the different parts of a thermal system.

44
Q

When does heat transfer happen

A

Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference between two objects or places.

45
Q

Heat is transferred from where to where

A

Heat is transferred from the hotter place or object to the cooler place or object.

46
Q

How long does the transfer last

A

Heat energy transfer continues until BOTH places or objects have the same temperature.

47
Q

What is conduction

A

Is the transfer of heat between solid objects that are in direct physical contact with each other.

48
Q

What is convection

A

Is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of liquid or gas particles Air and water expand when heated and the particles move upwards. When cooled they move down again. This is called a convection current.

49
Q

What is radiation

A

Is the transfer of heat and does not require physical contact or movement of particles
It is the transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves

50
Q

Dark vs Light surfaces

A

Shiny surfaces are good reflectors of radiant heat and dark surfaces absorb heat energy
Radiation heats up dark surfaces more quickly than it heats up shiny surfaces.

51
Q

What is Absorption

A

ABSORPTION is the process in which light strikes a surface and disappears, giving its energy to the surface in the form of heat.

52
Q

Difference between conduction, convection and radiation

A

Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact or within a solid, convection is the movement of heat by actual motion of matter (liquid and gas); radiation is the transfer of energy without the movement of matter via electromagnetic waves

Test guide by Muhsin Parker (13 decks)

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