Science 27 August Flashcards
Hydronium makes things
Acidic
Hydroxide makes things
Basic
Lemon
Citric acid
Apple
malic acid
Milk
lactic acid
Tomato
oxalic acid
Grapes
tartaric acid
Vinegar
Acetic acid
Ant
formic acid
Bases that can dissolve in water are called
alkalis
A base feels
soapy
An acid feel
watery
An acid tastes
sour
A base tastes
bitter
2 strong acids
Vinegar, lemon juice
2 strong bases
Wasps sting, oven cleaner
2 weak acids
Milk, tomatoes
2 weak bases
toothpaste, baking soda
Water is
Neutral
Very strong acids
Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, and Hydrochloric acid
What is reducing
To reduce is to use less of a product, or to decide not to use it from the beginning.
What is reusing
To reuse is to use something again or sending it off to a recycling company instead of throwing it away.
What is recycling
Recycle refers to a process that breaks down items into raw materials that can be used to create a new item again.
3 Advantages when we reduce, reuse, and recycle
1) Recycling creates jobs
2) All 3 reduce the waste that will end up in landfills
3) Reduce consumption of natural resources like water
4) Saves energy
5) Using fewer resources will reduce greenhouse gases and slow down global warming
6) Reduces pollution
Briefly explain Pollution of water, soil and the environment
Chemical waste from factories and mines can enter the water system and pollute the water and soil. This harms the environment, because it pollutants the water, affects the structure of the soil and kills plants and animals
Briefly explain Health hazards and diseases
Waste which is not disposed of properly increases the number of flies and vermin such as rats in the area. Flies and rats carry diseases that can lead to diarrhoea. Waste released into the air from factories, mines and power plants leads to air pollution. This can cause lung diseases and allergies in people living nearby.
What are the negative effects of Poor waste managment
Health hazards and diseases
Pollution of water, soil and the environment
Blockage of sewage and water drainage systems
A shortage of landfill sites
Wastage of valuable materials
Briefly explain Wastage of valuable materials
Materials that could have been reused or recycled are dumped instead.
Briefly explain blockage of sewage and water drainage systems
This occurs where sewage pipes are not maintained and as a result of flooding, become blocked and overflow. Sewage can then enter drinking water sources and this can lead to an outbreak of diseases such as cholera.
Briefly explain A shortage of landfill sites
Poor waste management causes more and more waste. This requires more land for landfill sites. Land that could have been used for housing or agriculture is wasted.
Quick energy note
Energy does not always appear in the same form. Energy forms are either POTENTIAL or KINETIC.
What is POTENTIAL energy
comes in forms that are stored including: elastic, chemical, gravitational and nuclear and mechanical.
What is KINETIC energy
forms are doing work including electrical, heat, light motion and sound.
What is elastic energy
Energy stored in a stretched or compressed object
The amount of energy stored in an energy system depends on the stretch or compression of the material
What is chemical potential energy
Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules of substances
In order to release this energy, a chemical reaction needs to take place.
What is gravitational potential energy
Is the stored energy an object has because of its position on Earth. The further away from Earth, the greater its potential energy. The Earth attracts all objects towards its center with the force of gravity.
Gravitational potential energy formula
Ep=mass x gravitational field strength x height
What is Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is the sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or energy stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts.
What is an energy system
AN ENERGY SYSTEM consists of different parts that work together to store, use or give out energy. When different parts of the system interact, energy is transferred to another form or another place.
What is energy transfer
ENERGY TRANSFER: movement of energy from one object to another, or the change of energy from one form to another.
The law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred or transformed.
What is a mechanical system
A mechanical system uses forces and movement to do a specific task.
Potential energy can be changed to kinetic energy in a mechanical system.
What is a thermal system
Are systems where the output energy is heat.
Heat energy is transferred between the different parts of a thermal system.
When does heat transfer happen
Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference between two objects or places.
Heat is transferred from where to where
Heat is transferred from the hotter place or object to the cooler place or object.
How long does the transfer last
Heat energy transfer continues until BOTH places or objects have the same temperature.
What is conduction
Is the transfer of heat between solid objects that are in direct physical contact with each other.
What is convection
Is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of liquid or gas particles Air and water expand when heated and the particles move upwards. When cooled they move down again. This is called a convection current.
What is radiation
Is the transfer of heat and does not require physical contact or movement of particles
It is the transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves
Dark vs Light surfaces
Shiny surfaces are good reflectors of radiant heat and dark surfaces absorb heat energy
Radiation heats up dark surfaces more quickly than it heats up shiny surfaces.
What is Absorption
ABSORPTION is the process in which light strikes a surface and disappears, giving its energy to the surface in the form of heat.
Difference between conduction, convection and radiation
Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact or within a solid, convection is the movement of heat by actual motion of matter (liquid and gas); radiation is the transfer of energy without the movement of matter via electromagnetic waves
