English Exam 25 Nov Flashcards
What is a propper noun
A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing and always starts with a capital letter.
Give 5 examples of a Propper noun
Samson Cape Town August Rondebosch Boys’ Preparatory Zeeeeshaaan
What is a common noun
A common noun names a kind of person, place or thing. It is “common” because the name is common to all persons, places or things of the same kind and does not get capitalised.
Give 4 examples of a common noun
boy
forest
month
school
Give 4 examples of collective nouns
An army of soldiers.
A flight of stairs.
A swarm of bees.
The staff was unanimous in its decision. (of teachers).
What is a collective noun
A collective noun is the name of a collection or a group of people, objects or creatures. A collective noun is a descriptive way of saying ‘lots of’. We can use the collective noun without the noun to which it refers.
What is an Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun describes things that cannot actually be seen, heard, smelt, touched or tasted.
Give 4 examples of abstract nouns
honesty
boredom
freedom
power
What are the 8 noun types
1) Propper
2) Common
3) Abstract
4) Singular, Plural, and Gender-based Nouns
5) Collective
6) Countable
7) Uncountable
8) Compound
What are Singular, Plural, and Gender-based Nouns
Nouns can be either singular (referring to one single person, place or thing) or plural (referring to two or more persons, places or things).
Give 2 examples of plural nouns
chair - chairs
berry - berries
Give 2 examples of gender nouns
actor (masculine) and actress (feminine)
teacher (both male and female)
What are a Countable Nouns
Any noun that can be counted, whether singular (a dog, a house, a friend) or plural (a few books, lots of oranges). Singular verbs are used with singular countable nouns and plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.
Give 2 examples of countable nouns
Photos
Books
Candles
What are uncountable nouns
Any noun that cannot be counted. Uncountable nouns are always singular and must always be used with singular verbs.
Give 2 examples of uncountable nouns
Sugar
Money
Sand
What is an antonym
‘An antonym is a word which is opposite in meaning to another word.
For example, tall - short, full - empty.
What is a synonym
Words that have the same, or similar, meaning.
e.g. big – large, fling – toss
Give the antonyms to these words
Low Big Vacant Ginormous Fantastic
High Small Full/Occupied Little Dreadful
Give some synonyms to these words
Brave Young Rude Joy practice
Courageous Youthful Disrespectful Happiness Rehearse
What is Alliteration
repetition of consonants sounds at the beginning of words that are close together to create an effect.
Define Assonance
repetition of vowel sounds in words close together.
Define Simile
a comparison between two or more things using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’
What is the difference between a Simile and a metaphor
A simile compares two things using “like” and “as” but a metaphor doesnt
What is personification
giving human qualities to animals or things.
What is Onomatopoeia
is the name given to words that imitate sounds.
What is a Hyperbole
an exaggeration that stretches the truth.
Give an example of each figure of speech
Alliteration Assonance Similes Metaphors Personification Onomatopoeia Hyperbole:
Alliteration
Example: She sat sipping soda in the sizzling sun.
Assonance
Example: Good food always changes one’s mood.
Similes
Example: This dirty room is like a pigsty.
Metaphors
Example: This room is a pigsty.
Personification
Example: The volcano burped out a cloud of dust.
Onomatopoeia
Example: splash, boom, puff
Hyperbole:
I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse.
What is an idiom
An idiom is a commonly accepted way of saying things. An idiom has a figurative or indirect meaning.
What is a proverb
A proverb is similar to an idiom; but it contains a message, advice or a wise observation.
What is a preposition
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, or to introduce an object.
Some examples of prepositions are words like “in,” “at,” “on,” “of,” and “to.”
What are the 5 types of adverbs
1) Manner: answers the question “How”
Examples: joyfully, proudly, sadly,
2) Time: answers the question “When
Examples: yesterday, tonight, immediately, then,
3) Place: answers the question “Where”
Examples: here, there, outside, nowhere, etc
4) Frequency: non-specific and answers the question “How often”
Examples: sometimes, often, rarely, hardly
5) Degree: intensity of action and answers the question “How much”
Examples: extremely, really, very, etc.
What must a complete sentence include
A complete sentence MUST contain a verb.
What do action verbs do
Words used to describe ACTIONS that are being performed in sentences.
Can stand alone (past or present tense), but require SHALL/ WILL (future tense).
Form the main part of the predicate in sentences.
Give an example of action verbs in a sentence
Jack swims in his pool everyday.
Jack cooked dinner for his family last night.
Jack will return to school next week. (NB: I/we shall & All others will)
What are “to be” verbs also called
Also referred to as ‘linking verbs’ because they link the
subject to the rest of the information provided in the
sentence. (Watch the ‘linking verbs’ video.)
What are some common “ to be “ verbs
am is are was were has have had will be shall be
What are some linking verbs that are related to the senses
appear taste seem sound remain
grow become be been smell feel look
What do past and present participles act like in sentences
Past (ed) and Present (ing) Participles can form part of the verb phrase when used with an auxiliary verb (helping verb) in sentences or they can act as adjectives which describe the nouns in sentences.
Here are some examples of sentences with past and present participles in it
The judge has married (verb form with past participle) a couple.
The bird is singing (verb form with a present participle).
The married (past participle - adjective) couple has bought a house together.
The singing (present participle - adjective) bird is very small.
What is a finite verb
Complete verbs which means they have:
A subject
A tense
Number (singular or plural)
What are non finite verbs
Are not independent verbs in sentences which means they cannot stand alone as the main verbs in sentences.
What can finite verbs stand as
They can stand as:
The main verbs in sentences.
Linking verbs that links information in sentences back to the subject of the sentence.(This information is descriptive such as adjectives/ adjectival phrases and often relates to the human senses; sight, sound, smell, taste and touch.)
Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) which help to define whether the subject is singular or plural and indicate the tense: past, present or future.
What are the three types of non finite verbs
Infinitive
Gerunds
Participles
Explain what a infinitive is
Infinitives (i.e. to + action word = to run, to eat, to swim etc.)
Participles - (i.e. used as adjectives in past (ed) / present (ing) Present participle (e.g. The sleeping dog snored peacefully.) Past participle (e.g. The washed car looked brand new.)
Explain what a gerund is
Gerunds (i.e. action word with ‘ing’ acting as nouns in sentences)
The subject of a sentence (e.g. Travelling is good for the soul.)
The object of a sentence (e.g. They do not appreciate singing.)
The object of a preposition (e.g. The police arrested him for speeding.)
Explain what a participle is
Participles - (i.e. used as adjectives in past (ed) / present (ing) Present participle (e.g. The sleeping dog snored peacefully.) Past participle (e.g. The washed car looked brand new.)
What is a phrase
A group of words that does not contain a subject nor a verb. It cannot be a sentence because it is incomplete but rather adds more detail to a sentence by acting as a part of speech.
Give an example of phrases in a sentence
I attended a party with my best friend. (noun phrase)
The boy with a blue shirt will be clearly visible. (adjectival phrase)
For twenty days, he was on an island. (adverbial phrase)
What is a clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb. It can be a complete sentence on its own (Independent Clause) or it can be used as part of a sentence for providing more information (Dependent Clause).
True or false
Every complete sentence in English contains at least one clause; many sentences have two or more clauses.
True
What do hyphens do
Join words (like compound words) that are meant to be read together. My sister works part-time.
Join number words (most often ending in “y”).
Do you have twenty-one candles for the birthday cake?
Show division of a word at the end of a line, if the word cannot be completed on the same line. (A natural break (syllables) must be used splitting up the word.)
Join some prefixes to root words.
He is a very self-motivated individual in the class.
What are parenthesis used for (its brackets () )
Used to enclose an afterthought or additional information which is not essential to the main purpose (meaning) of the sentence.
He arrived at the party (to which he was not invited) with his parents.
They are also used to present a plural option when a singular word is used in a sentence. The student(s) must wait patiently in the school hall.
What is an ellipsis (…)
An ellipsis (…) is a punctuation mark formed by three dots. It shows that a word, sentence or whole section has been deliberately left out or that the writing is incomplete.
How do you tell the difference between a compound and complex sentence
A complex sentence has a dependant and an independent clause
A compound sentence has two independent clasuses
What is a simple sentence
It is a sentence that contains a subject and a verb
What is the word that you must remember for coordinating conjunctions (used in compound sentences)
F - for A - and N - nor B - but O - or Y - yet S - so
What are some common subordinating conjunctions
after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though
if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that
though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while
Look at comma rules
In the book
What is the 6 finger method
Who What Where When Why How
