Schools of Psychology Flashcards
What two latin words make up psychology?
“logos” study and “psyche” the mind
why is psychology be sometimes considered unscientific?
It is not directly observed science, since mental events are invisible
What is a compromise definition of psychology?
the study of mental events and behaviour
define an experimental psychologist
a basic, fundamental researcher
define an applied psychologist
One who uses the applications of experimental psychology
What do psychophysicists study?
the what and why of the universe
What was the first experimental psychology lab?
That of Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig
What did Edward titchner do? What is his study called?
attempted to isolate the basic elements of the mind.It is called structualism, the study of how the mind is structured
Define introspection
the method of looking inward and reflecting on ones consciousness
Was Introspection valuable, and why?
No. It was very subjective and unreliable, since other people view one event in many different ways
Who is the father of American psychology? To what branch of philosophy did he contribute?
William James
pragmatism
Who wrote the first psychology textbook?
William James
Who is the father of psychotherapy?
Sigmund freud
When did the major roots of clinical psychology and therapy originate
1940s
who began cognitive psychology?
William James
what does cognitive psychology attempt to do?
studies higher mental functions by inferring hypothetical mental states of information processing. they measure this by checking response patterns and performance
What is now a “boom” field in psychology?
Cognitive psych
Why does Cognitive psychology sometimes take a lot of criticism?
Because it inferrs things based on hypothetical assumptions, nothing is directly observed
Define biological psychology
Manipulates the psychological or physical state of the brain, and determines its effects
Who were the two men who started behavioural psychology?
J Watson and B.F. Skinner
When did B.F. Skinner live?
1935-1990
How does behaviour psychology differ from other sections of psych?
It deals only with what can be directly observable. Since only the outcomes of mental events can be observable, they focous on how to change the behaviour, hence this section is called “behaviourism”
Define determinism
all behaviour is determined by consequential events. Therefore, a certain behaviour will only be repeated if it is reinforced by the outside, and vice versa
What two schools of psychology reject the principles of behaviourism?
Clinical psychology and psychotherapy
Which specialist in psychology does not have to go to university?
Psychoanalysts, they go to a school for psychoanalysts
what did freud believe determines our behaviour?
repressed memories
why is phenomenological psychiatry not considered science?
concerns itself with subjective experiences, the unique human quality of behaviour
Who came up with intropsection?
Edward titchner
What event defined the start of scientific psychology?
William Wundt opened the first psychology lab
What was the early definition of psychology?
the science of mental life
Who rejected introspection, and what did he study instead?
B.F Skinner rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behaviour
define cognitive neuroscience
study of brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory
define positive psych
scientific study of human functioning so to promote strengths and virtues that can make a community thrive
define hindsight bias
the tendency to belive that, given the outcome, one would have foreseen it
operational defintion
statement of the procedures used to define research variables
define a confounding variable
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in the experiment
