attention Flashcards
Define passive attention
Becoming conscious of the unattended
Does passive attention require effort?
NO
Define distraction
Intrusion into consciousness from the task that is being focused on
How does attention of this kind play for ADD?
People have their attention taken away from their tasks by very irrelevant stuff
Define capacity theory
States that some tasks require a great deal of cortical effort while others require little. The central executive determines how resources will be divided based on the demands of the various tasks. Tasks that make a large demands on the central resources will require more effort and controlled motor processing. Processing of one task affects performance on another.
Serial processing defintion
Processing a secondary task cannot begin until the first task is completed
Define automatic processing
No effort, no utility of processing of resources to accomplish a task. Task is becoming automatic
Define parallel processing
multitasking, several tasks carried out at the same time
What can parallel processing also be called?
Divided attention? Make sure
What is apparent multitasking?
Switching between a whole a bunch tasks, such as studying and looking on the web and texting. You aren’t actually multitasking. You are just going back and forth between tasks
What are some problems of automatic processing?
Processing of an automatic can interfer with the processing in another task. If we could avoid processing the automatic task, performance would improve
What is the stroop effect?
Where when we see a word, we define it in our minds. If we are asked to state the color of a word, and the word spells a color, we usually get it wrong
Define habituation
The responce to repaeated, constant stimuluous will efeect and smaller and smaller responce until ther is none
How habituation works
Features of incoming stimulous are compared with memory. If they match, we decide to ignore it
Is habituation learning? How?
yes. We learn that a stimulous brings about a certain consequence, and we learn to ignore it
Is habituation found across all organisms, even simpler ones?
Yes
Who discovered classical conditioning?
I. Pavlov in the 1920s
What was the MO of classical conditioning?
You pair a neutral stimulous and an unconditoned stimulous in order to bring about a response in a dog, like salivating. you ring a bell and give food. after a while, the dog associated bells with food. after a while, they even salivated just when the bell was rung. reword this
Define aquisition
association is formed between two previously unrelated stimuli. (UCS-CS pairing)
When will CR be obtained?
It only comes after constant repetition of UCS and CS
Generalization definition
Following conditioning, other stimuli similar to the CS will also elicit CR.
Extinction definition
Remove UCS, CR will gradually diminish
Define spontaneous recovery
a slight recurrence of stimuli and response some time after the experiment was paused
Thorndikes Law of Effect
Responses to a satisfying situation, and the desire to do it again
