attention

Question 1

Define passive attention

Answer 1

Becoming conscious of the unattended

Question 2

Does passive attention require effort?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

Define distraction

Answer 3

Intrusion into consciousness from the task that is being focused on

Question 4

How does attention of this kind play for ADD?

Answer 4

People have their attention taken away from their tasks by very irrelevant stuff

Question 5

Define capacity theory

Answer 5

States that some tasks require a great deal of cortical effort while others require little. The central executive determines how resources will be divided based on the demands of the various tasks. Tasks that make a large demands on the central resources will require more effort and controlled motor processing. Processing of one task affects performance on another.

Question 6

Serial processing defintion

Answer 6

Processing a secondary task cannot begin until the first task is completed

Question 7

Define automatic processing

Answer 7

No effort, no utility of processing of resources to accomplish a task. Task is becoming automatic

Question 8

Define parallel processing

Answer 8

multitasking, several tasks carried out at the same time

Question 9

What can parallel processing also be called?

Answer 9

Divided attention? Make sure

Question 10

What is apparent multitasking?

Answer 10

Switching between a whole a bunch tasks, such as studying and looking on the web and texting. You aren’t actually multitasking. You are just going back and forth between tasks

Question 11

What are some problems of automatic processing?

Answer 11

Processing of an automatic can interfer with the processing in another task. If we could avoid processing the automatic task, performance would improve

Question 12

What is the stroop effect?

Answer 12

Where when we see a word, we define it in our minds. If we are asked to state the color of a word, and the word spells a color, we usually get it wrong

Question 13

Define habituation

Answer 13

The responce to repaeated, constant stimuluous will efeect and smaller and smaller responce until ther is none

Question 14

How habituation works

Answer 14

Features of incoming stimulous are compared with memory. If they match, we decide to ignore it

Question 15

Is habituation learning? How?

Answer 15

yes. We learn that a stimulous brings about a certain consequence, and we learn to ignore it

Question 16

Is habituation found across all organisms, even simpler ones?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Answer 17

I. Pavlov in the 1920s

Question 18

What was the MO of classical conditioning?

Answer 18

You pair a neutral stimulous and an unconditoned stimulous in order to bring about a response in a dog, like salivating. you ring a bell and give food. after a while, the dog associated bells with food. after a while, they even salivated just when the bell was rung. reword this

Question 19

Define aquisition

Answer 19

association is formed between two previously unrelated stimuli. (UCS-CS pairing)

Question 20

When will CR be obtained?

Answer 20

It only comes after constant repetition of UCS and CS

Question 21

Generalization definition

Answer 21

Following conditioning, other stimuli similar to the CS will also elicit CR.

Question 22

Extinction definition

Answer 22

Remove UCS, CR will gradually diminish

Question 23

Define spontaneous recovery

Answer 23

a slight recurrence of stimuli and response some time after the experiment was paused

Question 24

Thorndikes Law of Effect

Answer 24

Responses to a satisfying situation, and the desire to do it again

Question 25

Who laid out the basic tenets of the science of behaviour?

Answer 25

J. Watson

Question 26

What is operant conditioning

Answer 26

Strict operational definition and observation of stimulus, response, and consequences of responding. If an organism continues to respond to a stimulus because of the consequence

Question 27

What is a skinner box?

Answer 27

A highly controlled enviro, all aspects of behaviour are controlled, all things the same except the stimulous

Question 28

Define shaping

Answer 28

successive approximation of R. Reinforcer is more difficult to get every time, so the animal has to learn new tasks in order to get stimulous

Question 29

What is the principle of operant conditioning

Answer 29

Reinforcement is contingent on the organisms responding to the stimulous

Question 30

Definition of reinforcer

Answer 30

Anything that increases the rate of responding is called a reinforcer

Question 31

Define positive reiforcment

Answer 31

a reward following an appropriate response

Question 32

Define negative reinforcment

Answer 32

Negative reinforcers remove the organism from an aversive situation
Ex. a rat is continuously shocked. They learn to push bar to turn off the shock.

Question 33

Be sure to define the differences between the negative -positive reinforcement, and the different combinations there in.

Answer 33

gotcha

Question 34

What does UCR stand for?

Answer 34

Un Conditioned Response

Question 35

What does CR stand for?

Answer 35

Conditioned response

Question 36

What does CS stand for?

Answer 36

Conditioned stimulous

Question 37

What does UCS stand for?

Answer 37

Un Conditioned stimulous

Question 38

Define positive reinforcement

Answer 38

Positive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating/reinforcing stimulus to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.

Question 39

Define negative reinforcment

Answer 39

When the person does something that is no acceptable, they get some privilege taken away.