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Psychology 101 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

what is selective attention?

A

The selective attention process is the ability to focus on just one thing and respond.

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2
Q

Define circadian rhythms

A

a cycle that repeats every 24 hours

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3
Q

Define the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Located immediately superior to optic chiams. helps regulate the clocks?? contrlled

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4
Q

How do we learn if sleep cycle is controlled by light

A

We put someone in an environment where light does not change, no cues for time.

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5
Q

what are three ways to measure brain while sleeping

A

electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electroooculogram

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6
Q

Definition of sleep

A

state of unconciousness

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7
Q

where does inhibition of processing occur

A

in the thalamous

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8
Q

what is overt behaviour

A

subjects signaled awareness

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9
Q

what is arousal (alertness)

A

cortical awareness

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10
Q

what is the awake and alert (beta) frequency for an eeg

A

15+ hertz

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11
Q

what is alpha (relaxed alertness) frequency in an EEG

A

8-12 hertz

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12
Q

theta (light sleep, drowsiness) frequency on an EEG

A

4-7 hertz

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13
Q

delta (coma) frequency on an EEG

A

1-3 hertz

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14
Q

What are the stages of sleep

A

Stage N1, Stage N2, Stage N3, REM

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15
Q

what two stages of sleep are amalgamated to form NREM

A

N2 and N3

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16
Q

what is the definition of a waking state

A

usually alpha or beta/

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17
Q

Defintion of N1

A 
Brief period during the transition from a waking to sleeping state
EEG shows less than 50% alpha
EOG shows slow rolling movements
hypnogogic reverie
they start to lose conciousness
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18
Q

what does hypnogogic reverie

A

drowsiness

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19
Q

Stage N2 definition

A

EEG shows slower frequencies (alpha and theta)

subject definitely asleep

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20
Q

what are sleep spindles

A

inhibitors of processing of external stimulous

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21
Q

The K-complex defintion

A

the means to detect a highly significant stimulous during the night; will not always allow you to wake up

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22
Q

Stage N3 definition

A

frequencies occur in the data range delta activity
occupies 25% of sleep
mainly occurs in the first half of the night

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23
Q

Definition of Non-REM sleep

A

Night terrors; sleep walking (but sleeper is unconciousness) within stage N3 (zombie-like)

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24
Q

Stage REM sleep definition

A

very difficult to awake (thus named paradoxical sleep)
90 min cycle
most of stage REM at the end of the night
Rapid eye movements, dreaming, and muscle inhibition

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25
Q

Can the experimenter influence dreams of the patient

A

yes

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26
Q

What is the purpose of dreams acoording to Freud

A

release of repressed desires and drives

27
Q

what is one explanation of bizarre dreams

A

inhibition of frontal lobe

28
Q

what are dreams and nightmares

A

Strong emotional REM dream (fear, but also sadness, despair)

occur most often in teens

29
Q

what is the paradox in paradoxical sleep

A

the cortex seems to be conscious, yet sleeper is very unconcious

30
Q

Changes in REM amounts of sleep as we age?

A

Lots at birth, but decreases rapidly

31
Q

Recapitulation Theory?

A

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny; basically, the embryo undergoes changes as it grows into an adult.

32
Q

What animals sleep longer?

A

animals with highest metabolism have longest total sleep time

33
Q

Where are arousal thresholds to awaken the highest?

A

REM

34
Q

How is REM sleep distributed in animals?

A

Predators enjoy more REM sleep, Prey enjoy much less

35
Q

How do sea mammals keep from sinking while Sleeping in REM?

A

Only one side of the brain sleeps at a time, the other side is still awake

36
Q

What are some effects of sleep deprivation

A

Major effect: sleepiness; irritability

37
Q

What is the first area of the brain that falls asleep?

A

The frontal lobes

38
Q

When is the immune system active during sleep (also give the stage number)?

A

NREM, N3

39
Q

What is the first thing that happens after a person who has been deprived of sleep goes to sleep?

A

Very fast onset of NREM

40
Q

What is the consequence of deprivation of NREM sleep?

A

animals become very sick and eventually die

41
Q

What horomones are released during NREM?

A

Growth

42
Q

What part of sleep is required for the onset of puberty and growth?

A

NREM

43
Q

what have studies have shown with sleeping and learning?

A

The task that is learned is performed better after sleep

44
Q

In what stage of sleep do you imprint and hone new tasks?

A

NREM

45
Q

When does REM occur?

A

Mostly in the second half of the night

46
Q

what are some skills are learned in REM sleep

A

non-declarative memory, motor skills, and emotional memory, certain aspects of second language learning

47
Q

What is cricks theory of REM sleep?

A

This is when you get rid of unneeded memoryies

48
Q

What lack of sleep cycle will result in no conversion of shsort term memory to long term memory?

A

REM

49
Q

What causes insomnia?

A

Variety of factors, such as reaing books or watching television

50
Q

What is narcolepsy

A

They go directly to REM, they fall asleep randomly when relaxed

51
Q

What is cataplexy

A

Strong emotion that causes a person to lose conciousness

52
Q

What is orexin?

A

Orexin, also called hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite.

53
Q

What is apnea?

A

Where the person is lying on their back, and the tongue blocks the airway. can cause sudden infant death

54
Q

What is selective attention?

A

The process by which we become concious of stimulous, but then decide to remove it

55
Q

What is information overload?

A

The inability to select what is relevant and irrelevant

56
Q

what is your central executive?

A

frontal lobe

57
Q

The place where the frontal lobe stores relevant stimuli Is called… also known as short term memory

A

working memory

58
Q

What does the brain do with all incoming stimuli?

A

It is compared with all existing memory for a match

59
Q

What kind of attention requires no effort?

A

Passive attention

60
Q

What causes narcolepsy?

A

The most common form of narcolepsy, in which the sufferer briefly loses muscle tone (cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells that produce it.

61
Q

alpah waves are best associated with…

A

a relaxed yet awake state

62
Q

what occurs durring REM sleep (physically)

A

genital arousal

63
Q

sleep iducing hormone

A

mmelatonin

Psychology 101 (18 decks)

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