School Improvement Leadership: Differentiated Instruction

Question 1

English Language Learners: Civil rights case Lau v Nichols (1974) was brought by _____-_____ students living in San Francisco, CA who claimed that they were not given _______ ______ in school due to their lack of English proficiency.

Answer 1

Chinese-American/ sufficient help

Question 2

Civil rights case Lau v Nichols (1974) was brought by Chinese-American students who argued that they were entitled to the special help under ____ ___ of the ______ ______ _____ ____ _______ .

Answer 2

Title VI/ Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 3

In Lau v Nichols (1974) the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students, finding that the lack of __________ _________ __________ effectively denied the students equal educational opportunities (which is in violation of the _______ ________ ______ of the constitution). It also established that language discrimination is also _______ _______ discrimination.

Answer 3

linguistically appropriate accommodations/ equal education clause/ national origin

Question 4

CA Prop 227 (1998) changed the way that “Limited English Proficient” (LEP) students are taught in CA to a more _______ based model by requiring that” CA public schools teach LEP students in special classes that are taught almost entirely in _________, LEP students should move from special to regular classes when they have acquired a good working knowledge of English, the time most LEP students stay in special classes should be shortened (to usually less than a year).

Answer 4

immersion/ English

Question 5

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a _____ law that governs how states and public agencies provide services to children with disabilities. It addresses the special educational and intervention needs of children diagnosed with any of the 14 specified categories of disability from birth to 18 or 21. IDEA emphasizes that students should receive a ________________________ using an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) that is aligned as much as possible with the specific school’s curriculum __________ for the whole student body.

Answer 5

federal/ “free and appropriate public education” (FAPE)/ standards

Question 6

14 Disability Categories Defined by IDEA (1997):

Answer 6

autism, specific learning disability, speech and language impairment, other health impairment, deaf-blindness, deafness, developmental delay, hearing impairment, intellectual impairment, serious emotional disturbance, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairment, traumatic brain injury, visual impairment

Question 7

The 9th Circuit Court created a Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) test using these factors: (4)

Answer 7

What is the ed benefit of the gen ed classroom to the child?
What are the non-academic benefits (social, emotional, etc.) of the gen ed classroom to the child?
What is the effect on the teacher and other students? What is the cost of mainstreaming the child?
(no one factor can rule out, but all should be considered)

Question 8

Potential Placements from Least to most restrictive: (7)

Answer 8

general education (only accommodations, no services), general education (push in services), general education (pull out services), special day class, non-public school, day treatment center (away from a school setting), residential treatment center (students live there), home and hospital instruction program