***School-Age Literacy Dev.*** Flashcards
What are the three best indicators of a ch’s potential for success w/reading?
writing
oral lang
metalinguistic skill
Early life experiences are SO important. A child who comes to kinder w/limited oral lang. and minimal metalinguistic skill is considered to be what?
ch who comes to kinder w/limited oral lang and minimal metalinguistic skill is behind
Current research has found that _____ kindergarten has positive impacts on both _____ and _____ skills, especially for ch. at _____
In terms of developing ______ skills, ch. esp. learn to _____ in more _____ to _____ interactions.
Current research has found that all-day kindergarten has positive impacts on both social and academic skills, especially for those at risk.
In terms of developing pragmatic skills, ch. esp. learn to engage in more child to child interactions.
Written lang skills are based on what two factors? What is the dominant factor in development of reading?
Given the dominant factor, what is important to ask if a child is struggling with reading?
environment
and
genetics, which is the dominant factor in development of reading
if there is a family history of reading difficulty.
can even be an uncle, aunt, or grandparent
Reading requires ______ lang _____ and good _____ skills. Poor readers exhibit poor _____ skills
So during Tx, we need to build ch’s _____ abilities
Reading requires decontextualized lang processing and good narrative skills. Poor readers exhibit poor narrative skills
So during Tx, we need to build ch’s narrative abilities.
What is the 1st step in reading that involves breaking a word down into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word?
decoding print
how it sounds
What is the 2nd step to reading that involves the knowledge of sounds, syllables, and the sound structure of words?
These skills are essential to what? What are they the best predictor of in elementary school?
phonological awareness (PA)
PA skills are essential to good reading. PA skills are the best predictor of spelling in elementary school
R,#of,F,L
What are four things that PA skills teach?
rhyming
syllables in a word
first sound
last sound
Decoding skills in children with language impairment: Contributions of phonological processing and classroom performance…certain skills during certain time of year…
The study of Tambyraja, Farquharson, Logan, & Justice (2015) looked at children with language ______ and measured their _______ processing and word _______ skills twice during the academic year.
They found that ________ skills in the ______ significantly predicted spring ________ outcomes.
Implications for Tx meant that it is important to focus on ______ skills because they impact ______.
looked at
impairment (LI), phonological processing, decoding
found
PA skills, fall, decoding
implications for Tx
PA, reading
What is the 3rd step in reading that has to do with the recognition, understanding and use of wordparts that carry significance?
morphological awareness
More than 50% of English words are considered to be _____ ______
Students with strong MA skills are able to approach _____ _______ words and _____ them into ____ in order to ______ the words ______
______, and _____ along with _____ and oral ______ are four things that help with this
More than 50% of English words are considered to be morphologically complex.
Students with strong MA skills are able to approach novel multisyllabic words and break them into parts in order to predict the words meaning
decoding, and spelling, along with comprehension and oral language are four things that help with this
MA is especially critical because in 3rd grade, MA becomes more important that what other skill in terms of literacy achievement?
About what % of the new written words that school age children encounter are morphologically complex?
more important that PA
about 60%
The study of Good, Lance and Rainey (2015) examined the impact of _____ explicit _______ on the ___ skills of ____ graders with language _______
They found that children who had Tx for _____ instruction did much ______ than controls in spelling, _____, and _____
Also helped with generalized _____ of untaught ____, increased ____ knowledge through using the words in different _____, and improved overall ______ and _______ skills.
The strategies that worked in Tx were _______ of _____, stacking words into piles based on affixes, also called ______, and using ________ to seperate affixes from base words before joining them.
The study of Good, Lance and Rainey (2015) examined the impact of linguisticaally explicit instruction on the MA skills of 3rd graders with language impairment
They found that children who had Tx for MA instruction did much better than controls in spelling, reading and vocab
Also helped with generalized knowledge of untaught words, increased vocab knowledge through using the words in different contexts and improved overall language and literacy skills.
The strategies that worked in Tx were discussion of rules, stacking words into piles based on affixes, also called word stacks, and using visual blocks to seperate affixes from base words before joining them.
_____ _____ is achieved at the ______ level of reading, and is demonstrated when a reader is able to _____ _____ to ______ ______.
Dynamic literacy is achieved at the highest level of reading, and is demonstrated when a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.
The 4th step in reading is _____ where the ______ is actively _______ by the ______ of words and ______ with ______ meanings and experiences.
At the basic level is _____
The 4th step in reading is comprehension where the meaning is actively constructed by the interaction of words and sentences with personal meanings and experiences.
At the basic level is decoding
The 5th step in reading is _______ (#wpm)
The 5 dependent factors are
_______ awareness (how words___)
visual _____
_____ awareness (how words ____)
word _____
_____ of _____ retrieval
higher level _____ and _____ knowledge
The 5th step in reading is fluency (#wpm)
The 5 dependent factors are
phonological awareness (how words sound)
visual perception
print awareness (how words look)
word recognition
speed of lexical retrieval
higher level language and conceptual knowledge
What is prereading?
The more and earlier parents read, the greater the child’s what?
prereading - social rather than formal instruction where children and adults read together
oral lang. and emergent literacy skills
What are the 10 steps to help preschool children develop print awareness?
display interest in _____ _____
know how to hold a ____ right _____ up
identify _____ and ____ of a page
look at and turn pages from _____ to _____
identify the _____ on the book cover
Identify titles of _____ books
distinguish between _____ and _____ on a page
know where the story _____
identify letters that occur in their own ______
display interest in sharing books
know how to hold a book right side up
identify front and back of the book
identify top and bottom of a page
look at and turn pages from left to right
identify the title on the book cover
identify titles of favorite books
distinguish between pictures and print on a page
know where the story begins
identify letters that occur in their own names
Where does formal reading instruction occur?
Phonics is _____ and _____ correspondence
at what age do most ch. have the knowledge to become competent readers?
occurs in school
Phonics - sound and letter correspondence
7-8yrs
What shifts happen in 3rd grade regarding reading and comprehension?
What becomes critical in grades 4-8?
Teens and adults use what to build their knowledge of the world and their vocab?
What do young students who have trouble reading do before they read a book or book chapter?
shift from learning to read to reading to learn
grades 4-8, reading comp becomes critical
teens and adults use their reading skills to build their knowledge of the world and their vocab
a “picture walk”
The 4 major goals of CCSS are to create students who are ready to _____ in a ______ competitive 21st century _____, prepare students for _____, create ______ readers who “_____ _____” and help students become ____ citizens who use ______ for deliberation.
Unlike the ___ _____ _____ _____ Act (2002), there are no ______ or _____ consequences in the standards
Educators are _______ with how to help children ______ the ______ while being given no _____ _____ to ____ from
The 4 major goals of CCSS are to create students who are ready to succeed in a globally competitive 21st century society, prepare students for college, create critical readers who “read deeply” and help students become responsible citizens who use evidence for deliberation.
Unlike the No Children Left Behind Act (2002), there are no fiscal or punitive consequences in the standards
Educators are struggling with how to help children achieve the standards while being given no course material to teach from
CCSS standards address ________, and _______ with an emphasis on ______ reading (reading for ______ not stories or fiction).
Only __ % of text in elementary school is ______, yet _______ reading makes up __% of reading done in ______ and the _______
CCSS will shift expository percentages to __/__ at ______ level, __/__ in _____ school and __/__ in _____ _____
CCSS standards address english language arts, and math.
emphasis on expository reading (reading for information, not stories or fiction)
Only 15% of text in elementary school is expository, yet expositiory reading makes up 80% of reading done in college and the workforce
CCSS will shift expository percentages to 50/50 at elementary level, 60/40 in middle school and 75/25 in high school
Before CCSS, students were asked how they ____ about readings, give their ______, and relate readings to their own _______ ________.
CCSS de-emphasizes _____ and _____ experiences, demanding that students present _______ for their answers and asks students to present ______ justified by the text they have read.
felt
opinions
personal experience
feelings
personal
evidence
arguments
________ without _____ is a phenomenal _______ at helping kids with their _____ _____ skills because it ______ the _______ ______.
Another way to help kids with their _______ skills is to have students bring their lang. arts or other books from their classrooms to use in therapy.
Handwriting without tears is a phenomenal workshop at helping kids with their fine motor skills because it simplifies the writing process.
Another way to help kids with their comprehension skills is to have students bring their lang. arts or other books from their classrooms to use in therapy.
