Cognitive Processing & Language of Children w/ADDs

Question 1

__-__% of school age children have been diagnosed with ______ in the U.S.

ADHD is caused due to a combination of factors such as _________, dopamine imbalance, and insufficiency of other ______________

Answer 1

3-5% of school age children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.

ADHD is caused due to a combination of factors such as genetics, dopamine imbalance, and insufficiency of other neurotransmitters

Question 2

The American Psychiatric Association delineates 3 types of ADHD:

Primarily _________ (20-30%)

Primarily __________ (less than 15%)

Combination __________/__________ (50-75%)

Answer 2

The American Psychiatric Association delineates 3 types of ADHD:

Primarily hyperactive (20-30%)

Primarily inattentive (less than 15%)

Combination hyperactive/inattentive (50-75%)

Question 3

Relationship of SLI (________ ________ ________) to ADHD:

More than _______ of ch with SLI are also diagnosed with ADHD

Children with SLI who have significant levels of __________ language impairment are most likely to be impulsive, distractible, and __________.

Answer 3

Relationship of SLI (Specific Language Impairment) to ADHD:

More than half of ch with SLI are also diagnosed with ADHD

Children with SLI who have significant levels of receptive language impairment are most likely to be impulsive, distractible, and overactive.

Question 4

Contributing factors of ADHD:

The basal ganglia, and regions of the __________ are significantly _________ in children with ADHD

Non-genetic factors: ___________ birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during ___________, exposure to high levels of _______ in early childhood

Answer 4

Contributing factors of ADHD:

The basal ganglia, and regions of the cerebellum are significantly smaller in children with ADHD

Non-genetic factors: premature birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during pregancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood

Question 5

Research shows that watching tv/screen time before __ years of age is strongly correlated with _________ problems later

Children __-__ yrs of age should only watch educational __________ programs

For children exposed early, school is __________, noninteractive, and ________

TV topics are presented __________ with lots of _________ stimuli, varied _________, loud noises, movement, and flashes of ________.

Answer 5

Research shows that watching tv/screen time before 2 years of age is strongly correlated with attention problems later

Children 3-5yrs of age should only watch educational nonviolent programs

For children exposed early, school is boring, noninteractive, and slow

TV topics are presented briefly with lots of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement, and flashes of color.

Question 6

University of Michigan Health System, 2012 found that by __yrs old, the average american child will see ____,____ violent acts and ___,____ murders on TV

Answer 6

University of Michigan Health System, 2012 found that by 18yrs old, the average american child will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV

Question 7

Morris and Westby on Computer Use and Executive Functioning found that computer use has drawbacks which affect ___ skills

General _________, multitasking and continuous partial __________ can cause __________, and impair ___________

Answer 7

Morris and Westby on Computer Use and Executive Functioning found that computer use has drawbacks which affect EF skills

General browsing, multitasking and continuous partial attention can cause irritability, and impair cognition

Question 8

Playing computer games can impair the development of the _________ lobe, the part of the brain that _________ anti-________ behavior

Every hour of TV/video game use per day increases risk of _________ problems and wires children for high speed ___________

Answer 8

Playing computer games can impair the development of the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior

Every hour of TV/video game use per day increases risk of attention problems and wires children for high speed stimulation

Question 9

It’s difficult for kids to ________, plan, and ________ when exposed to a great deal of screen time during ___________

Students and parents are encouraged to unplug and engage in ___________ activities

Answer 9

It’s difficult for kids to think, plan, and reflect when exposed to a great deal of screen time during childhood

Students and parents are encouraged to unplug and engage in alternative activities

Question 10

ADHD is not diagnosed by ____________ tests. The diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the ___________ symptoms such as difficulties coping with __________ life

Answer 10

ADHD is not diagnosed by standardized tests. The diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the behavioral symptoms such as difficulties coping with everyday life

Question 11

ADHD is most likey an impairment in the ___________ function portion of brain that regulates behavior, especially ___________

Answer 11

ADHD is most likey an impairment in the executive function portion of brain that regulates behavior, especially impulsivity

Question 12

Owens, Farinella, & Metz (2015) found that teachers often believe that these ADHD children’s poor ________ skills can be attributed to _________ difficulties

Children may not be identified on language tests that ignores _________

Answer 12

Owens, Farinella, & Metz (2015) found that teachers often believe that these ADHD children’s poor social skills can be attributed to pragmatic difficulties

Children may not be identified on language tests that ignores pragmatics

Question 13

Specific ADHD Behaviors may Include:

difficulty remaining ________

poor follow through on ________

excessive ________ activity - fidgeting, squirming

short __________ span and ___________

inability to delay ___________

shifting _________ from one activity to another

loses things

Answer 13

Specific ADHD Behaviors may Include:

difficulty remaining seated

poor follow through on tasks

excessive motor activity - fidgeting, squirming

short attention span and distractibility

inability to delay gratification

shifting rapidly from one activity to another

loses things

Question 14

More characteristics of ADHD:

poor _________ memory

continually saying “______?” and “_____?”

_______ starts and verbal ________

poor _______-telling ability (disorganized)

poor _________ such as interrupting, and non-__________

Answer 14

More characteristics of ADHD:

poor auditory memory

continually saying “what?” and “huh?”

false starts and verbal mazes

poor story-telling ability (disorganized)

poor pragmatics such as interrupting, and non-sequiters

Question 15

Stimulant medication increases __________ in brain

The best way to manage ADHD may be a combo of ____________ and ___________ approaches

Answer 15

Stimulant medication increases dopamine in brain

The best way to manage ADHD may be a combo of pharmacological and behavioral approaches

Question 16

Popular current ADHD medications include:

_________

Adderall

__________ (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)

Ritalin

__________ (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)

Answer 16

Popular current ADHD medications include:

Cylert

Adderall

Strattera (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)

Ritalin

Concerta (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)

Question 17

ADHD intervention strategies:

work on concepts such as _______, _______, more than

help students use ________ to mark _______

list ________ to be completed so kids can ________ them off as finished

visual aids

therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly ___________

“__________ breaks”

Answer 17

ADHD intervention strategies:

work on concepts such as before, after, more than

help students use clocks to mark time

list tasks to be completed so kids can check them off as finished

visual aids

therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly structured

“movement breaks”

Question 18

When working with ADHD kids…

we need to work on ______ taking skills

____________, or what they say must reate to what the other person just said

__________, esp. for info presented audirorilly - often forget things

minimizing external ___________

discuss what “________ __________” is (listening, ask ?’s when you don’t understand, sitting still, eye contact)

monitor output - speaking in an __________ fashion

pragmatics, esp. ways to join _________ effectively

Answer 18

When working with ADHD kids…

we need to work on turn taking skills

contingency, or what they say must reate to what the other person just said

memory, esp. for info presented audirorilly - often forget things

minimizing external distractions

discuss what “paying attention” is (listening, ask ?’s when you don’t understand, sitting still, eye contact)

monitor output - speaking in an organized fashion

pragmatics, esp. ways to join groups effectively

Question 19

Kowalski: ASHA Schools Conference talked about using:

social _________ posters

have ch carry social _________ cards

video child and show his __________

Use a social __________ which analyzes social errors. Then ask, who was impacted by it? How can child correct it? How can child avoid it in the future?

Answer 19

Kowalski: ASHA Schools Conference talked about using:

social etiquette posters

have ch carry social etiquette cards

video child and show his reactions

Use a social autopsy which analyzes social errors. Then ask, who was impacted by it? How can child correct it? How can child avoid it in the future?

Question 20

ADHD kids perform much better __:__

It is important to help them get _________ and give them extra time to complete _________. They often especially have trouble on _________ tasks

Answer 20

ADHD kids perform much better 1:1

It is important to help them get organized and give them extra time to complete tasks. They often especially have trouble on timed tasks

Question 21

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973:

Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from ___________ against children with ____________

Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or _________ condition that substantially limits a major life _________

ADHD students qualify for classroom _____________ if they can’t learn under typical ______________

Answer 21

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973:

Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from discriminating against children with disabilities

Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or mental condition that substantially limits a major life activity

ADHD students qualify for classroom accommodations if they can’t learn under typical circumstances

Question 22

Remember the gifts of ADHD:

___________

Ability to ________ _________ the box

Answer 22

Remember the gifts of ADHD:

Creativity

Ability to think outside the box

Question 23

Support for individuals with ADHD:

CHADD (_________ and _________ with __________ _________/__________ __________

Answer 23

Support for individuals with ADHD:

CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyeractivity Disorded