Cognitive Processing & Language of Children w/ADDs Flashcards
__-__% of school age children have been diagnosed with ______ in the U.S.
ADHD is caused due to a combination of factors such as _________, dopamine imbalance, and insufficiency of other ______________
3-5% of school age children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.
ADHD is caused due to a combination of factors such as genetics, dopamine imbalance, and insufficiency of other neurotransmitters
The American Psychiatric Association delineates 3 types of ADHD:
Primarily _________ (20-30%)
Primarily __________ (less than 15%)
Combination __________/__________ (50-75%)
The American Psychiatric Association delineates 3 types of ADHD:
Primarily hyperactive (20-30%)
Primarily inattentive (less than 15%)
Combination hyperactive/inattentive (50-75%)
Relationship of SLI (________ ________ ________) to ADHD:
More than _______ of ch with SLI are also diagnosed with ADHD
Children with SLI who have significant levels of __________ language impairment are most likely to be impulsive, distractible, and __________.
Relationship of SLI (Specific Language Impairment) to ADHD:
More than half of ch with SLI are also diagnosed with ADHD
Children with SLI who have significant levels of receptive language impairment are most likely to be impulsive, distractible, and overactive.
Contributing factors of ADHD:
The basal ganglia, and regions of the __________ are significantly _________ in children with ADHD
Non-genetic factors: ___________ birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during ___________, exposure to high levels of _______ in early childhood
Contributing factors of ADHD:
The basal ganglia, and regions of the cerebellum are significantly smaller in children with ADHD
Non-genetic factors: premature birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during pregancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood
Research shows that watching tv/screen time before __ years of age is strongly correlated with _________ problems later
Children __-__ yrs of age should only watch educational __________ programs
For children exposed early, school is __________, noninteractive, and ________
TV topics are presented __________ with lots of _________ stimuli, varied _________, loud noises, movement, and flashes of ________.
Research shows that watching tv/screen time before 2 years of age is strongly correlated with attention problems later
Children 3-5yrs of age should only watch educational nonviolent programs
For children exposed early, school is boring, noninteractive, and slow
TV topics are presented briefly with lots of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement, and flashes of color.
University of Michigan Health System, 2012 found that by __yrs old, the average american child will see ____,____ violent acts and ___,____ murders on TV
University of Michigan Health System, 2012 found that by 18yrs old, the average american child will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV
Morris and Westby on Computer Use and Executive Functioning found that computer use has drawbacks which affect ___ skills
General _________, multitasking and continuous partial __________ can cause __________, and impair ___________
Morris and Westby on Computer Use and Executive Functioning found that computer use has drawbacks which affect EF skills
General browsing, multitasking and continuous partial attention can cause irritability, and impair cognition
Playing computer games can impair the development of the _________ lobe, the part of the brain that _________ anti-________ behavior
Every hour of TV/video game use per day increases risk of _________ problems and wires children for high speed ___________
Playing computer games can impair the development of the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior
Every hour of TV/video game use per day increases risk of attention problems and wires children for high speed stimulation
It’s difficult for kids to ________, plan, and ________ when exposed to a great deal of screen time during ___________
Students and parents are encouraged to unplug and engage in ___________ activities
It’s difficult for kids to think, plan, and reflect when exposed to a great deal of screen time during childhood
Students and parents are encouraged to unplug and engage in alternative activities
ADHD is not diagnosed by ____________ tests. The diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the ___________ symptoms such as difficulties coping with __________ life
ADHD is not diagnosed by standardized tests. The diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the behavioral symptoms such as difficulties coping with everyday life
ADHD is most likey an impairment in the ___________ function portion of brain that regulates behavior, especially ___________
ADHD is most likey an impairment in the executive function portion of brain that regulates behavior, especially impulsivity
Owens, Farinella, & Metz (2015) found that teachers often believe that these ADHD children’s poor ________ skills can be attributed to _________ difficulties
Children may not be identified on language tests that ignores _________
Owens, Farinella, & Metz (2015) found that teachers often believe that these ADHD children’s poor social skills can be attributed to pragmatic difficulties
Children may not be identified on language tests that ignores pragmatics
Specific ADHD Behaviors may Include:
difficulty remaining ________
poor follow through on ________
excessive ________ activity - fidgeting, squirming
short __________ span and ___________
inability to delay ___________
shifting _________ from one activity to another
loses things
Specific ADHD Behaviors may Include:
difficulty remaining seated
poor follow through on tasks
excessive motor activity - fidgeting, squirming
short attention span and distractibility
inability to delay gratification
shifting rapidly from one activity to another
loses things
More characteristics of ADHD:
poor _________ memory
continually saying “______?” and “_____?”
_______ starts and verbal ________
poor _______-telling ability (disorganized)
poor _________ such as interrupting, and non-__________
More characteristics of ADHD:
poor auditory memory
continually saying “what?” and “huh?”
false starts and verbal mazes
poor story-telling ability (disorganized)
poor pragmatics such as interrupting, and non-sequiters
Stimulant medication increases __________ in brain
The best way to manage ADHD may be a combo of ____________ and ___________ approaches
Stimulant medication increases dopamine in brain
The best way to manage ADHD may be a combo of pharmacological and behavioral approaches
Popular current ADHD medications include:
_________
Adderall
__________ (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)
Ritalin
__________ (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)
Popular current ADHD medications include:
Cylert
Adderall
Strattera (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)
Ritalin
Concerta (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)
ADHD intervention strategies:
work on concepts such as _______, _______, more than
help students use ________ to mark _______
list ________ to be completed so kids can ________ them off as finished
visual aids
therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly ___________
“__________ breaks”
ADHD intervention strategies:
work on concepts such as before, after, more than
help students use clocks to mark time
list tasks to be completed so kids can check them off as finished
visual aids
therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly structured
“movement breaks”
When working with ADHD kids…
we need to work on ______ taking skills
____________, or what they say must reate to what the other person just said
__________, esp. for info presented audirorilly - often forget things
minimizing external ___________
discuss what “________ __________” is (listening, ask ?’s when you don’t understand, sitting still, eye contact)
monitor output - speaking in an __________ fashion
pragmatics, esp. ways to join _________ effectively
When working with ADHD kids…
we need to work on turn taking skills
contingency, or what they say must reate to what the other person just said
memory, esp. for info presented audirorilly - often forget things
minimizing external distractions
discuss what “paying attention” is (listening, ask ?’s when you don’t understand, sitting still, eye contact)
monitor output - speaking in an organized fashion
pragmatics, esp. ways to join groups effectively
Kowalski: ASHA Schools Conference talked about using:
social _________ posters
have ch carry social _________ cards
video child and show his __________
Use a social __________ which analyzes social errors. Then ask, who was impacted by it? How can child correct it? How can child avoid it in the future?
Kowalski: ASHA Schools Conference talked about using:
social etiquette posters
have ch carry social etiquette cards
video child and show his reactions
Use a social autopsy which analyzes social errors. Then ask, who was impacted by it? How can child correct it? How can child avoid it in the future?
ADHD kids perform much better __:__
It is important to help them get _________ and give them extra time to complete _________. They often especially have trouble on _________ tasks
ADHD kids perform much better 1:1
It is important to help them get organized and give them extra time to complete tasks. They often especially have trouble on timed tasks
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973:
Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from ___________ against children with ____________
Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or _________ condition that substantially limits a major life _________
ADHD students qualify for classroom _____________ if they can’t learn under typical ______________
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973:
Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from discriminating against children with disabilities
Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or mental condition that substantially limits a major life activity
ADHD students qualify for classroom accommodations if they can’t learn under typical circumstances
Remember the gifts of ADHD:
___________
Ability to ________ _________ the box
Remember the gifts of ADHD:
Creativity
Ability to think outside the box
Support for individuals with ADHD:
CHADD (_________ and _________ with __________ _________/__________ __________
Support for individuals with ADHD:
CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyeractivity Disorded
