Lang. Dev. of Ch. Prenatally Exposed to Drugs and/or alcohol; Impact of AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Children with prenatal _______ and/or ________ exposure (PDAE) are a very __________ group

_______ _________ _________ ________ (FASD) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during __________

The child who has ________ ________ ________ (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FASD, but to a lesser degree

A

Children with prenatal drug and/or alcohol exposure (PDAE) are a very heterogeneous group

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy

The child who has Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FASD, but to a lesser degree

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2
Q

FASD is the leading cause of __________ disability in the __________ world

It is entirely ____________

FASD accounts for 1 in every ____-____ births in the U.S.

A

FASD is the leading cause of intellectual disability in the Western world

It is entirely preventable

FASD accounts for 1 in every 500-600 births in the U.S.

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3
Q

There are studies linking an average of __-__ drinks a day during pregnancy to low __________, growth ____________, and behavioral __________ in newborns

A

There are studies linking an average of 1-2 drinks a day during pregnancy to low birthweight, growth abnormalities, and behavioral problems in newborns

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4
Q

First trimester of pregnancy involves _______ growth, as well as _______ and _______ formation

The embryo is most susceptible to alcohol from weeks __-__ after conception

New research shows that if a woman drinks during the _______ week after conception, there can be __________ effects

A

First trimester of pregnancy involves brain growth, as well as organ and limb formation

The embryo is most susceptible to alcohol from weeks 2-8 after conception

New research shows that if a woman drinks during the first week after conception, there can be negative effects

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5
Q

Children exposed to alcohol in utero face “double _________

Damage done _______ birth

and

________ the child is born, _______ (or high) parents may not ________ appropriately, ignoring or _________ the child.

A

Children exposed to alcohol in utero face “double jeopardy

damage done before birth

and

after the child is born, drunk (or high) parents may not respond appropriately, ignoring or abusing the child.

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6
Q

In one review of data on nearly __,______ newborns, scientists concluded that a ________ drinking and smoking habits can _______ his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to _________

Ongoing exposure to job _________ can predispose a man’s baby to low _________ and birth defects

A

In one review of data on nearly 15,000 newborns, scientists concluded that a father’s drinking and smoking habits can increase his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to hydrocephalus

Ongoing exposure to job chemicals can predispose a man’s baby to low birthweight and birth defects

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7
Q

Smoking and alcohol can damage _______

Male ________ double their chances of fathering babies with problems like __________

It is recommended that men abstain from _________ and drinking for __-__ months before __________

A

Smoking and alcohol can damage sperm

Male smokers double their chances of fathering babies with problems like hydrocephalus

It is recommended that men abstain from smoking and drinking for 5-6 months before conception

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8
Q

A small head is called __________

Pre and post natal growth problems also incude low birth _______ and ________

CNS dysfunction leads to delayed _______ develoment, mild to profound __________ disability, and _________ disabilities

A

A small head is called microcephaly

Pre and post natal growth problems also incude low birth weight and length

CNS dysfunction leads to delayed motor develoment, mild to profound intellectual disability, and learning disabilities

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9
Q

More consequenses include…

ADHD (hyperactivity)

Abnormal __________ features (skull and face), small _______, strabismus, _________

Malformities of major ________ systems, especially the _______

behavior problems such as _________

swallowing problems

learning and ________ problems, esp. reading and _________

speech problems - __________ disroder, oral motor ___________ problems

poor play and ________ skills

A

More consequenses include…

ADHD (hyperactivity)

Abnormal craniofacial features (skull and face), small eyes, strabismus, nystagmus

Malformities of major organ systems, especially the heart

behavior problems such as defiance

swallowing problems

learning and school problems, esp. reading and writing

speech problems - articulation disroder, oral motor coordination problems

poor play and social skills

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10
Q

Cognitive problems include difficulties with memory and __________

Language delays include comprehension and __________

Hearing issues include OME (otitis media with effusion) and/or _________ hearing loss

__________ processing problems, and ________ disturbances

A

Cognitive problems include difficulties with memory and reasoning

Language delays include comprehension and expression

Hearing issues include OME (otitis media with effusion) and/or sensorineural hearing loss

Auditory processing problems, and sleep disturbances

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11
Q

Olswang, Svensson, & Astley (2011) examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students

They observed 12 pairs of children in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks

They found that children w/FASD were not as _________ as TD peers

Ch. w/FASD had increased occurences of passive/_________ and _________ behavior than TD peers

Thus, we may need to help FASD students be more _________ and ________ in classroom settings as well as increase teacher __________

A

Olswang, Svensson, & Astley (2011) examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students

They observed 12 pairs of children in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks

They found that children w/FASD were not as prosocial as TD peers

Ch. w/FASD had increased occurences of passive/disengaged and irrevelant behavior than TD peers

Thus, we may need to help FASD students be more engaged and social in classroom settings as well as increase teacher awareness

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12
Q

The National Institute on _______ _______ estimates that ____% of women use some illicit drug during ___________

Drugs that do the most serious damage to the developing fetus are __________, heroin, morphine, and _____

A

The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that 5.5% of women use some illicit drug during pregnancy

Drugs that do the most serious damage to the developing fetus are cocaine, heroin, morphine, and LSD

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13
Q

Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, 2014 found that each year, an estimated ____,____ infants (__-__%) are affected by prenatal _________ or ______ exposure

A

Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, 2014 found that each year, an estimated 400,000 infants (10-11%) are affected by prenatal alcohol or drug exposure

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14
Q

For mothers who use ________, this causes her blood vessels to ________, thus reducing the flow of ________ and other nutrients to the baby

The baby is “dealt a _______ deck”.

_________ alters the action of baby’s ______________ which negatively affects __________

The baby may also have __________ defects such as cleft palate

A

For mothers who use cocaine, this causes her blood vessels to constrict, thus reducing the flow of oxygen and other nutrients to the baby

The baby is “dealt a small deck”.

Cocaine alters the action of baby’s neurotransmitters which negatively affects behavior

The baby may also have congenital defects such as cleft palate

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15
Q

Behaviors and characteristics of drug exposed children include:

Fewer spontaneous __________ from infancy

Lack of appropriate _________ and words to communicate ________

Poor visual _________

________ and ______ motor problems

Decreased awareness of ______ in space

A

Behaviors and characteristics of drug exposed children include:

Fewer spontaneous vocalizations from infancy

Lack of appropriate gestures and words to communicate needs

Poor visual tracking

Gross and fine motor problems

Decreased awareness of body in space

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16
Q

More behaviors and characteristics…

Emotional ________ - mood swings from apathy to ____________

great difficulty with _________ and changes

tests limits, refuses to ________

__________, hitting, throwing things

decreased _________ solving skills

syntactic problems, esp. ___________ sentences

word _________ problems

A

More behaviors and characteristics…

Emotional lability - mood swings from apathy to agressiveness

great difficulty with transitions and changes

tests limits, refuses to comply

tantrums, hitting, throwing things

decreased problem solving skills

syntactic problems, esp. disorganized sentences

word retrieval problems

17
Q

More behaviors and characteristics…

Indiscriminate _________ to _____ people

Decreased _____________ to praise, rewards

Decreased use of _________ and words to initiate social ____________; poor ____ contact

_____________-phonological disorders

Language difficulties that are not easily determined by ____________ measures

Because of this:

In assessment, it may be best to ___________ evaluate these children’s language skills in ___________ settings

These children may not qualify for _________ in the ________ schools

A

More behaviors and characteristics…

Indiscriminate attachment to new people

Decreased responsiveness to praise, rewards

Decreased use of gestures and words to initiate social interactions; poor eye contact

Articulatory-phonological disorders

Language difficulties that are not easily determined by standardized measures

Because of this:

In assessment, it may be best to informally evaluate these children’s language skills in everyday settings

These children may not qualify for therapy in the public schools

18
Q

Early _________ is key

Studies show parents of _________ exposed children have increased __________, disrganization, and avoidance of ___________

Look at __________, work w/ parents

A

Early intervention is key

Studies show parents of cocaine exposed children have increased insecurity, disrganization, and avoidance of attachment

Look at environment, work w/ parents

19
Q

SLP’s will need to work on…

Work on _________ skills:

Conventional ___________ (please, thnkyou, excuse me)

______-taking skills

Appropriate expression of __________ (using words) because ch may act out __________

A

SLP’s will need to work on…

Work on pragmatic skills:

Conventional politeness (please, thnkyou, excuse me)

Turn-taking skills

Appropriate expression of feelings (using words) because ch may act out physically

20
Q

Keep things _________ and not _____________:

childen benefit from _________ and structure

Announce ____________ in advance so there are no surprises

Limit __________, decrease outer __________

A

Keep things structured and not overstimulating:

childen benefit from routine and structure

Announce transitions in advance so there are no surprises

Limit distractions, decrease outer stimuli

21
Q

Remember that these children often do not retain what they learn, so…

________ things over and over

use concrete _______-___ activities to teach concepts

give directions ________ and one by one

also

Help them learn appropriate ______ skills, especially __________ play involving other __________

Give physical movement _________; don’t expect them to sit still for _______ periods of time

A

Remember that these children often do not retain what they learn, so…

repeat things over and over

use concrete hands-on activities to teach concepts

give directions slowly and one by one

also

Help them learn appropriate play skills, especially cooperative play involving other children

Give physical movement breaks; don’t expect them to sit still for long periods of time

22
Q

Lewis et al (2013) Language found that outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine…

Children prenatally exposed to cocaine especially had difficulties with ________ and ___________ processing (PP)

PP deficits negatively impacted reading __________, comprehension, and letter-word ___________

A

Lewis et al (2013) Language found that outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine…

Children prenatally exposed to cocaine especially had difficulties with syntax and phonological processing (PP)

PP deficits negatively impacted reading fluency, comprehension, and letter-word identification

23
Q

HIV manifests primarily in the _________ nervous system

Children may have chronic OME

They may also have delays in ___________ skills

Difficulty w/_________ and academics

Attention deficits

Difficulties w/__________ skills

A

HIV manifests primarily in the central nervous system

Children may have chronic OME

They may also have delays in communication skills

Difficulty w/memory and academics

Attention deficits

Difficulties w/pragamtic skills

24
Q

One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged ____________

Language __________ is minimal

Thus, we can provide early language __________ programs, working with the family

We can specifically work on:

______ lang and pre-________ skills

Providing AAC (__________ __________ _________) devices if necessary

In the later stages of AIDS, work on ____-gaze communication

A

One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged hospitalization

Language stimulation is minimal

Thus, we can provide early language stimulation programs, working with the family

We can specifically work on:

Oral lang and pre-literacy skills

Providing AAC (alternative augmentive communication) devices if necessary

In the later stages of AIDS, work on eye-gaze communication