Lang. Dev. of Ch. Prenatally Exposed to Drugs and/or alcohol; Impact of AIDS Flashcards
Children with prenatal _______ and/or ________ exposure (PDAE) are a very __________ group
_______ _________ _________ ________ (FASD) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during __________
The child who has ________ ________ ________ (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FASD, but to a lesser degree
Children with prenatal drug and/or alcohol exposure (PDAE) are a very heterogeneous group
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) involves damage to an unborn baby due to the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy
The child who has Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) has problems similar to those of a child with FASD, but to a lesser degree
FASD is the leading cause of __________ disability in the __________ world
It is entirely ____________
FASD accounts for 1 in every ____-____ births in the U.S.
FASD is the leading cause of intellectual disability in the Western world
It is entirely preventable
FASD accounts for 1 in every 500-600 births in the U.S.
There are studies linking an average of __-__ drinks a day during pregnancy to low __________, growth ____________, and behavioral __________ in newborns
There are studies linking an average of 1-2 drinks a day during pregnancy to low birthweight, growth abnormalities, and behavioral problems in newborns
First trimester of pregnancy involves _______ growth, as well as _______ and _______ formation
The embryo is most susceptible to alcohol from weeks __-__ after conception
New research shows that if a woman drinks during the _______ week after conception, there can be __________ effects
First trimester of pregnancy involves brain growth, as well as organ and limb formation
The embryo is most susceptible to alcohol from weeks 2-8 after conception
New research shows that if a woman drinks during the first week after conception, there can be negative effects
Children exposed to alcohol in utero face “double _________”
Damage done _______ birth
and
________ the child is born, _______ (or high) parents may not ________ appropriately, ignoring or _________ the child.
Children exposed to alcohol in utero face “double jeopardy”
damage done before birth
and
after the child is born, drunk (or high) parents may not respond appropriately, ignoring or abusing the child.
In one review of data on nearly __,______ newborns, scientists concluded that a ________ drinking and smoking habits can _______ his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to _________
Ongoing exposure to job _________ can predispose a man’s baby to low _________ and birth defects
In one review of data on nearly 15,000 newborns, scientists concluded that a father’s drinking and smoking habits can increase his child’s risk of birth defects, ranging from cleft palate to hydrocephalus
Ongoing exposure to job chemicals can predispose a man’s baby to low birthweight and birth defects
Smoking and alcohol can damage _______
Male ________ double their chances of fathering babies with problems like __________
It is recommended that men abstain from _________ and drinking for __-__ months before __________
Smoking and alcohol can damage sperm
Male smokers double their chances of fathering babies with problems like hydrocephalus
It is recommended that men abstain from smoking and drinking for 5-6 months before conception
A small head is called __________
Pre and post natal growth problems also incude low birth _______ and ________
CNS dysfunction leads to delayed _______ develoment, mild to profound __________ disability, and _________ disabilities
A small head is called microcephaly
Pre and post natal growth problems also incude low birth weight and length
CNS dysfunction leads to delayed motor develoment, mild to profound intellectual disability, and learning disabilities
More consequenses include…
ADHD (hyperactivity)
Abnormal __________ features (skull and face), small _______, strabismus, _________
Malformities of major ________ systems, especially the _______
behavior problems such as _________
swallowing problems
learning and ________ problems, esp. reading and _________
speech problems - __________ disroder, oral motor ___________ problems
poor play and ________ skills
More consequenses include…
ADHD (hyperactivity)
Abnormal craniofacial features (skull and face), small eyes, strabismus, nystagmus
Malformities of major organ systems, especially the heart
behavior problems such as defiance
swallowing problems
learning and school problems, esp. reading and writing
speech problems - articulation disroder, oral motor coordination problems
poor play and social skills
Cognitive problems include difficulties with memory and __________
Language delays include comprehension and __________
Hearing issues include OME (otitis media with effusion) and/or _________ hearing loss
__________ processing problems, and ________ disturbances
Cognitive problems include difficulties with memory and reasoning
Language delays include comprehension and expression
Hearing issues include OME (otitis media with effusion) and/or sensorineural hearing loss
Auditory processing problems, and sleep disturbances
Olswang, Svensson, & Astley (2011) examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students
They observed 12 pairs of children in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks
They found that children w/FASD were not as _________ as TD peers
Ch. w/FASD had increased occurences of passive/_________ and _________ behavior than TD peers
Thus, we may need to help FASD students be more _________ and ________ in classroom settings as well as increase teacher __________
Olswang, Svensson, & Astley (2011) examined social classroom skills of typically developing (TD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) students
They observed 12 pairs of children in classrooms 20 minutes a day for 4 days across 2 weeks
They found that children w/FASD were not as prosocial as TD peers
Ch. w/FASD had increased occurences of passive/disengaged and irrevelant behavior than TD peers
Thus, we may need to help FASD students be more engaged and social in classroom settings as well as increase teacher awareness
The National Institute on _______ _______ estimates that ____% of women use some illicit drug during ___________
Drugs that do the most serious damage to the developing fetus are __________, heroin, morphine, and _____
The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that 5.5% of women use some illicit drug during pregnancy
Drugs that do the most serious damage to the developing fetus are cocaine, heroin, morphine, and LSD
Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, 2014 found that each year, an estimated ____,____ infants (__-__%) are affected by prenatal _________ or ______ exposure
Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, 2014 found that each year, an estimated 400,000 infants (10-11%) are affected by prenatal alcohol or drug exposure
For mothers who use ________, this causes her blood vessels to ________, thus reducing the flow of ________ and other nutrients to the baby
The baby is “dealt a _______ deck”.
_________ alters the action of baby’s ______________ which negatively affects __________
The baby may also have __________ defects such as cleft palate
For mothers who use cocaine, this causes her blood vessels to constrict, thus reducing the flow of oxygen and other nutrients to the baby
The baby is “dealt a small deck”.
Cocaine alters the action of baby’s neurotransmitters which negatively affects behavior
The baby may also have congenital defects such as cleft palate
Behaviors and characteristics of drug exposed children include:
Fewer spontaneous __________ from infancy
Lack of appropriate _________ and words to communicate ________
Poor visual _________
________ and ______ motor problems
Decreased awareness of ______ in space
Behaviors and characteristics of drug exposed children include:
Fewer spontaneous vocalizations from infancy
Lack of appropriate gestures and words to communicate needs
Poor visual tracking
Gross and fine motor problems
Decreased awareness of body in space
More behaviors and characteristics…
Emotional ________ - mood swings from apathy to ____________
great difficulty with _________ and changes
tests limits, refuses to ________
__________, hitting, throwing things
decreased _________ solving skills
syntactic problems, esp. ___________ sentences
word _________ problems
More behaviors and characteristics…
Emotional lability - mood swings from apathy to agressiveness
great difficulty with transitions and changes
tests limits, refuses to comply
tantrums, hitting, throwing things
decreased problem solving skills
syntactic problems, esp. disorganized sentences
word retrieval problems
More behaviors and characteristics…
Indiscriminate _________ to _____ people
Decreased _____________ to praise, rewards
Decreased use of _________ and words to initiate social ____________; poor ____ contact
_____________-phonological disorders
Language difficulties that are not easily determined by ____________ measures
Because of this:
In assessment, it may be best to ___________ evaluate these children’s language skills in ___________ settings
These children may not qualify for _________ in the ________ schools
More behaviors and characteristics…
Indiscriminate attachment to new people
Decreased responsiveness to praise, rewards
Decreased use of gestures and words to initiate social interactions; poor eye contact
Articulatory-phonological disorders
Language difficulties that are not easily determined by standardized measures
Because of this:
In assessment, it may be best to informally evaluate these children’s language skills in everyday settings
These children may not qualify for therapy in the public schools
Early _________ is key
Studies show parents of _________ exposed children have increased __________, disrganization, and avoidance of ___________
Look at __________, work w/ parents
Early intervention is key
Studies show parents of cocaine exposed children have increased insecurity, disrganization, and avoidance of attachment
Look at environment, work w/ parents
SLP’s will need to work on…
Work on _________ skills:
Conventional ___________ (please, thnkyou, excuse me)
______-taking skills
Appropriate expression of __________ (using words) because ch may act out __________
SLP’s will need to work on…
Work on pragmatic skills:
Conventional politeness (please, thnkyou, excuse me)
Turn-taking skills
Appropriate expression of feelings (using words) because ch may act out physically
Keep things _________ and not _____________:
childen benefit from _________ and structure
Announce ____________ in advance so there are no surprises
Limit __________, decrease outer __________
Keep things structured and not overstimulating:
childen benefit from routine and structure
Announce transitions in advance so there are no surprises
Limit distractions, decrease outer stimuli
Remember that these children often do not retain what they learn, so…
________ things over and over
use concrete _______-___ activities to teach concepts
give directions ________ and one by one
also
Help them learn appropriate ______ skills, especially __________ play involving other __________
Give physical movement _________; don’t expect them to sit still for _______ periods of time
Remember that these children often do not retain what they learn, so…
repeat things over and over
use concrete hands-on activities to teach concepts
give directions slowly and one by one
also
Help them learn appropriate play skills, especially cooperative play involving other children
Give physical movement breaks; don’t expect them to sit still for long periods of time
Lewis et al (2013) Language found that outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine…
Children prenatally exposed to cocaine especially had difficulties with ________ and ___________ processing (PP)
PP deficits negatively impacted reading __________, comprehension, and letter-word ___________
Lewis et al (2013) Language found that outcomes at 12 years for children exposed prenatally to cocaine…
Children prenatally exposed to cocaine especially had difficulties with syntax and phonological processing (PP)
PP deficits negatively impacted reading fluency, comprehension, and letter-word identification
HIV manifests primarily in the _________ nervous system
Children may have chronic OME
They may also have delays in ___________ skills
Difficulty w/_________ and academics
Attention deficits
Difficulties w/__________ skills
HIV manifests primarily in the central nervous system
Children may have chronic OME
They may also have delays in communication skills
Difficulty w/memory and academics
Attention deficits
Difficulties w/pragamtic skills
One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged ____________
Language __________ is minimal
Thus, we can provide early language __________ programs, working with the family
We can specifically work on:
______ lang and pre-________ skills
Providing AAC (__________ __________ _________) devices if necessary
In the later stages of AIDS, work on ____-gaze communication
One issue for babies with HIV/AIDS is prolonged hospitalization
Language stimulation is minimal
Thus, we can provide early language stimulation programs, working with the family
We can specifically work on:
Oral lang and pre-literacy skills
Providing AAC (alternative augmentive communication) devices if necessary
In the later stages of AIDS, work on eye-gaze communication
