Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
Psychotic Disorders
• Emotional Disturbance
- Unusual emotional states/affect
• Thought Disturbance
- Trouble organizing thoughts
- Extremely rigid/bizarre thoughts
• Behavioral Disturbance
- Unusual behavior
- Functional impairment
Schizophrenia- Criteria
Criterion A: 2 (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period (at least one of the symptoms must be from the first three)
•Delusions
•Hallucinations
•Disorganized speech
•Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
•Negative symptoms
Criterion B: Dysfunction in at least 1 area: occupational, academic, interpersonal, self-care, etc.
2+ positive/negative symptoms, > 6 months, marked dysfunction/impairment
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Positive
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
• Negative
- Flat affect
- Alogia
- Asociality
- Apathy
- Anhedonia
• Disorganized
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized or catatonic behavior
Delusions
Delusions = irrational belief that is fixed and firmly held despite contradictory evidence
Common types
- Persecution
- Thought Control (insertion, broadcasting, withdrawal)
- Grandiose
- Referential
Hallucinations
Hallucinations= sensory experience that seems real but occurs in the absence of any real stimulus
Can occur in any sensory modality
- Auditory
- Visual
- Tactile
- Olfactory
Negative Symptoms
• Flat affect - Lack of emotional expressiveness • Alogia - Poverty of speech • Avolition - Deficit initiation goal-directed behavior • Anhedonia - Lack of pleasure/interest • Asociality - No interest in social relationships • Lack of insight
Disorganized Speech
• Disorganized speech = speech pattern that is incoherent, jumbled, hard to understand, doesn’t make sense, convey little info
Common patterns
- Loose association/tangentiality
- Neologism
- Clang association
Disorganized/Catatonic Behavior
•Disorganized behavior
- Disruption in goal directed activity
- Cannot maintain hygiene
- Disregard for safety
- Unusual dress
- Inappropriate affect
•Catatonic behavior
- Absence of all movement, speech
- Rigidity, hold unusual postures
- Catatonic stupor (unaware of surroundings)
- Catatonic excitement
Schizophrenia-Symptom Phases
• Prodromal
- Lasts days to years
- Minor disturbances, peculiar behavior
- Typically negative symptoms
• Psychotic prephase
- First full-blown positive symptom
- May be triggered by stressor
• Active
- Many full-blown positive and negative symptoms
- Hospitalization may be needed
• Residual
- Typically emerges following treatment
- Similar to prodromal symptoms
Schizophreniform- Criteria
Criterion A: 2 (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period (at least one of the symptoms must be from the first three):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms
Criterion B: An episode of the disorder last at least 1 month but less than 6 months
2+ positive/negative symptoms, > 1 month but < 6 months
Schizoaffective Disorder- Criteria
Criterion A: Major mood episode (major depressive or manic) that co-occurs with symptoms of schizophrenia
Criterion B: At least 2 weeks where delusions and hallucinations have been present WITHOUT mood symptoms
Schizo symptoms + major mood episode, at least 2 weeks of schizo symptoms w/o mood symptoms
Delusional Disorder- Criteria
Criterion A: Presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer
Criterion B: No evidence of schizophrenia
1+ delusion w/o other schizo symptoms, overall better functioning
Delusional Disorder
Common delusions
- Erotomanic
- Grandiose
- Jealous
- Persecutory
- Somatic
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Criterion A: Presence of one or more of the following (at least one of the symptoms must be from the first three)
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
1+ positive/negative symptom, > 1 day but < 1 month, often stress induced
