Schizophrenia and Affective Bipolar Disorder Flashcards
Why does one get schizophrenia?
Cause largely remains inconclusive.
-Brain anatomy
▫ Dopamine hypotheses remains inconclusive (Healy
2009)
▫ Genetics – we inherit a certain level of risk
▫ Relationship with stress –the brain is shaped by
the environment –neuroplasticity
-there is a strong correlation with drugs and alcohol
What does schizo mean?
TWO
What does a positive symptom refer to?
Positive symptoms refer to extra/additional experiences and behaviours that people with schizophrenia have (often related to psychosis). For example- Delusions & hallucinations • Thought broadcasting • Thought insertion • Incongruent affect Agitation or excitability • Hostility • Ideas of reference • Flight of ideas • Behavioural disturbance (eg posturing) • Disinhibition and disorganisation • Disorganised speech • Loose association
What does a negative symptom refer to?
Negative symptoms refer to behaviour and experience that is lost, or diminishes for the person, in comparison with their pre-morbid selves/level of functioning- for example Social isolation • Anergia- no energy • Avolition- no motivation • Apathy • Anhedonia- no happiness, no feeling • Flattened affect • Lack of concentration • Concrete thinking • Decreased problem-solving skills • Anosognosia- convinced something is theres; like delusions
Clozapine
Clozapine is a atypical antipsychotic agent, antagonising D1, D2, D4 dopamine receptors and antagonises serotonin, histamine and adrenoreceptors.
Agranulocytosis (loss of production of white cells which are involved in infection defence) has been associated with Clozapine.
Clozapine Patient Monitoring System
▫ Screening for eligibility
▫ Weekly blood tests for the first 18 weeks
▫ Monthly blood tests thereafter
THIS IS A LAST RESULT MEDICATION
Terrible weight gain
Rispiridone and Olanzapine
Both blocks 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptors.
Can cause lactation.
Haloperidol can cause what?
Haloperidol may cause a condition called “orthostatic hypotension” during the early phase of treatment (first week or two).
What is the difference between typical/1st generation antipsychotic meds and atypical/2nd generation antipsychotic meds
1st generation is older agents which much worser side effects, whereas 2nd generation are newer, still have bad side effects.
Antipsycotics work by antgonising the main inhibitory central effects of dopamine. This anti-dopamine action leads to useful therapeutic effects like slower thinking, movements and antiemetic (anti-vomiting) actions.
Antipsycotics are effective against positive effects of schizophrenia.
What is Incongurrent affect?
Person says what doesn’t match in their facial expression
What does ideas of reference mean?
The person feels that they are causing bad stuff to happen
What is behavioural disturbance (i.e.posturing)
When you can place someones arm up and they don’t move it- ie. lets you position them
What is loose association?
Ideas jump from one to another
How long does a person need to have negative symptoms of schizophrenia to be diagnosed?
1 year
What is bipolar affective disorder?
Formerly known as manic depressive disorder
• A disorder of mood
What is thought insertion?
Thinks that my thought is from another person- that someone is telling me what to do
