Angina Flashcards
What part of the heart does the right coronary artery supply?
Right side, right atrium, pacemaker
Name the three layers of heart from outside to inside:
- Pericardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What does a transmural ischemia mean?
That the entire myocardial does not receive blood.
The more the preload =
The more the force of contraction
When the O2 gets out of balance in the heart it cause:
Coronary artery disease
Artheriosclerosis =
Thickening and hardening of arterial walls
Why are women less likely to get arteriosclerosis?
Because of estrogen; it helps protect us from disease such as this and osteoporosis UNTIL menopause when estrogen levels go down.
What is medial sclerosis?
Degeneration and swelling in muscle layer, medium size vessels
What is arteriolar sclerosis?
Deposits in intima and media, smaller vessels
What is the difference between LDL and HDL?
LDL has a higher FAT content as opposed to proteins, whereas HDL has a higher PROTEIN contents and very little fat.
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis?
- Damage to medium or large arteries, changing their structure
- Altered blood flow; causing increased resistance
- Decreased blood oxygen, decreased oxygen supply to tissues
What color are fatty plaques?
Yellow, thin, fat
What colour are fibrous plaque?
Grey/White
Calcium deposits are …
Hard deposits
What is the difference between embolisms and thrombosis?
A thrombosis is a blood clot that is STATIONARY.
A embolism is a travelling clot.
Describe steps in thrombi-embolism:
- Activation of coagulation
- Inflammation of endothelial
- If clot dislodges = thromboembolism
What are the four types of embolisms?
- Thromboembolism
- Air embolism
- Bacterial embolism
- Lipid embolism
What are the two types of causes for myocardial ischaemia?
-Atherosclerosis and coronary artery spasm
Define angina:
Decreased blood supply to the myocardium
What is stable angina?
Pain on exertion, no pain at rest
What is unstable angina?
Pain at any time, unpredictable