Respiratory Science Flashcards
Why is the nose so vascular (blood around the nose)?
Because your blood is warm and it warms up the air getting breathed in.
What is the condition when the pleural membrane gets inflamed in the lungs?
Pleuresy
If you get a foreign object down the wrong airway what is it called?
Aspiration
Where are the vocal chords?
In the larynx
What cells secrete mucous?
Goblet cells
What is the differences between bronchioles and bronchus?
Bronchioles have no cartilage; just a thick smooth wall
What delivers blood to the alveoli?
A venuele! The arteriole takes the blood away to go back into the systemic system
What cells make surfactant?
Type II cell
How does surfactant work?
By reducing surface tension, it keeps the alveoli open.
-rhino means:
Nose
Pathophysiology of Rhinitis?
Reduced cilia motility = impaired particle movement
this causes increased secretion of mucus, swelling, oedema, airway constriction = increased infection risk.
What is a sinus?
A hole in a bony cavity
What does vasodilation cause?
Hyperaemia (increased blood supply)
What is a post-nasal drip?
occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the throat or back of the nose.
What is the medical management of rhinitus?
Corticosteriods (as an anti-inflammatory)
Antihistamines (stops the histamine release, stopping inflammtion)
Antibiotics (if bacterial)
What is the medical management of sinusitis?
- Pain killers
- steam (to reduce viscosity of mucus)
- Mucolytics
- nasal sprays (this causes vasoconstriction, reduces some heat and redness)
- Corticosteriods
- irrigation
- antibiotics (if bacterial)
What is influenza?
Viral infection causes by various strands
T cells make what cell to eat viruses?
Lymphocytes
Describe Type A (H1N1) influenza
Seasonal flu
What is inter-species mutations?
Avian flu/swine flu/ mutation of H1N1
What can cause an epidemic spread of flu?
A rapid mutation of viruses
How does the flu work?
Virus invades respiratory epithelium and starts the inflammation response
What is the clinical presentation of flu?
Cough Sore throat Headaches Myalgia (pain in muscles) Fever (lasts 3-5 days)
Parenchyma =
Tissues in the lungs
What kind of condition is asthma?
Obstructive, due to mucous and inflammation