Pain and Analgesia Flashcards
What is the physiological definition of pain?
Fast and first pain; to alert one to relieve from the stimulus
-algia =
Pain
-algesia =
sensitivity to pain
nocere =
to injure
Nociceptors =
These are pain receptors; specifically sensitive to chemicals that cause or alert pain
Osmoreceptor=
Receptor sensitive to water
What is the function of the skin?
To protect, to feel- the skin is responsible for sensation.
What can we call sensations that we can feel on our skin?
Somatic sensations
What do we call sensations we feel inside our bodies?
Visceral sensations
What receptor does Acetlycholine fit into?
Muscarinic receptor
Describe reflexes?
Reflexes start when a stimulus hits into an receptor, and the sensory neuron (afferent) goes to the spinal integration center, and the motor neuron (efferent) to the effector to start the reflex to move away from the sense of pain
Afferent =
Travelling to somewhere (arriving)
Efferent =
Traveling outwards or away from something
The only way that the brain will know when you have had a reflex action is when…
The afferent neuron arrives into the spinal integration; and the sensory neuron also goes to the CNS, as well as activating the motor neuron to do something.
What does the sensory pathway consist of?
Three neurons and two synpases
What are the three neurons?
PERIPHERAL- to-SPINAL to- THALAMUS (then to-Brain)
Describe the sensory pathway?
The peripheral neuron arrives into the spinal cord, activating the spinal cord neuron (which contains the pain pathway crossover, to send appropriate message to the appropriate side of the brain) which then travels to the thalamus which then goes to CNS to interpret the pain.
Where is the pain pathway?
The spinothalamic tract (from the spine to the thalamus)
Why is pain a sign?
Because we can see the behaviour that goes along with the pain, and it can be measured on the pain scale (objective)
Pain is also a symptom because =
It is a subjective interpretation from the particular person
What is the physiological function of pain?
The process of the pain moving along the sensory pathway
What is the affective component of pain?
The motivational aspect of pain
What is the sensory component of pain?
The discriminative aspect of pain
What are the four components of physiology of pain?
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Perception
- Modulation
What is transduction?
- conversion of stimulus into action potential (chemicals + receptors) (Changing one energy to another.
What is transmission?
- pain transmission (sensory pathway, impulse conduction) (Sending impulse up to the brain)
What is perception?
interpretation (sensation, appreciation, conscious experience). (NOW WE KNOW THAT WE HAVE GOT PAIN).
What is modulation?
modification- how are we going to stop the pain
(suppression, inhibition of impulse)