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Psychology > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A severe mental disorder affecting thought, emotion and behaviour

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2
Q

What are the 2 main classification systems for Schizophrenia?

A

DSM-5
ICD-10

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3
Q

What is the primary difference between DSM-5 and ICD-10?

A

DSM-5 requires 1 positive symptom
ICD-10 requires 2 negative symptoms

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4
Q

What is a positive symptom of Schizophrenia?

A

Additional behaviours like delusions and hallucinations

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5
Q

What is negative symptom?

A

loss of usual abilities like speech poverty or avolition

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6
Q

What are the evaluation points for DSM-5 and ICD-10?

A

+) DSM-5 is reliable
-) Symptom overlap complicates diagnosis
-) cultural bias exists

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7
Q

How is the reliability of DSM-5 a strength of the classifications of Schizophrenia?

A

P - DSM - 5 is reliable
Ev - 97% reliability (Osorio 2019)
Ex - consistient diagnosis
L - Supports DSM-5

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8
Q

How is symptom overlap a limitation of the classification of the classifications of Schizophrenia?

A

P - symptom overlap complicates diagnosis
Ev - Schizophrenia shares avolition with BPD
Ex - misdiagnosis risk
L - overlap reduces clarity

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9
Q

How is cultural bias a limitation of the classification of schizophrenia?

A

P - British- African Carribean people impacted
Ev - Cultural views misinterpreted (Escobar 2012)
Ex - leads to diagnostic error
L - cultural context matters

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10
Q

What are hallucinations in Schizophrenia?

A

Sensory experiences that distort reality, often auditory

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11
Q

What are delusions in Schizophrenia?

A

beliefs are not based in reality, bizarre behaviour

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12
Q

How do positive symptoms affect daily life?

A

disrupt reality
impair functioning and relationships

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13
Q

What is speech poverty?

A

reduced speech
poor quality of speech

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14
Q

What is avolition?

A

loss of motivation
leading to low activity

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15
Q

Why are negative symptoms hard to treat?

A

They often persist despite medication and therapy

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16
Q

End of classifications of Schizophrenia

A

Start of biological explanations

17
Q

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

A

Schizophrenia is caused by excessive dopamine activity in the brain

18
Q

How does genetics contribute to schizophrenia?

A

Genetic factors increase risk, especially in close relatives

19
Q

What is a neural correlate or schizophrenia?

A

Brain activity patterns linked to symptoms
e.g reduced striatum activity

20
Q

What did Gottesman find?

A

risk of schizophrenia increases with genetic similarity to a person with the condition
2% - aunt
9% - sibling

21
Q

What did Ripke et al tell us about Schizophrenia?

A

108 genetic variations each slightly raise the risk of Schizophrenia

22
Q

What did Brown et al tell us about paternity and Schizophrenia?

A

positive correlation between paternal age and risk of Schizophrenia
0.7% - fathers under 25
2% - fathers 50+

23
Q

What is Schizophrenia considered to be?

A

polygenic

24
Q

What is evidence for the dopamine hypothesis?

A

Amphetamines mimic schizophrenia symptoms while antipsychotics alleviate them (Curran and Tauscher et al)

25
Q

What are the evaluation points for the biological explanation of Schizophrenia?

A

+) RS for genetic basis
+) RS for dopamine hypothesis
+) Environmental contributions to Schizophrenia
C.P -> relied on self-report

26
Q

How is research support for genetic basis a strength of the biological explanations of Schizophrenia?>

A

Point: Schizophrenia risk increases with genetic similarity.
Evidence: Gottesman (1991): 9% sibling risk; Ripke (2014): 108 genes.
Link: Genetics play a key role.
Explanation: Schizophrenia arises from multiple genetic factors

27
Q

How is research support for the dopamine hypothesis a strength of the biological explanation for Schizophrenia?

A

Point: Dopamine imbalance causes.
Evidence: Curran (2004): amphetamines.
Explanation: Dopamine explains symptoms.
Link: Research aids treatment.

28
Q

How are environmental contributions to Schizophrenia a strength of biological explanations?

A

Point: Environment interacts with genetic risks.
Evidence: Morkved (2017): 67% of patients experienced trauma.
Explanation: Trauma supports diathesis-stress model.
Link: Prevention focuses on environmental factors.

29
Q

How is self-report a counter of enviornmental contributions?

A

Research on trauma (e.g., Morkved et al., 2017) relies on retrospective self-reports, which may be biased.

30
Q
A

Psychology (13 decks)

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