Approaches Flashcards
How is having some systematic and controlled methods a strength of Wundt’s work?
P - some methods are standardised and controlled
Ev - standardised instructions
Ex - results can be compared and repeated
L - psychology is a science
How is heavy reliance on introspection a limitation of Wundt’s work?
P - Wundt’s work heavily relied on introspection
Ev - Wundt asked ppts to self-report their mental processes, such as describing their own thoughts and feelings
Ex - data was subjective and unobservable, making it difficult to verify and reproduce findings
L - method lacks scientific rigor compared to later approaches, like behaviourism
How is Wundt’s work being scientific a strength of modern psychology?
P - can claim to be scientific
Ev - uses systematic methods like controlled experiments and brain imaging techniques
Ex - research is based on empirical evidence, increasing objectivity and credibility
L - psychology shares the same aims as natural sciences such as prediction and explanation
What are the evaluation points for Wundt’s work?
+) Scientific
-) relies heavily on introspection
+) some systematic and controlled methods
How is being based on lab studies a strength of behaviourism?
P - based on lab studies
Ev - they only focus in observable behaviour, experiments are well-controlled, variables are manipulated systematically
Ex - the results are reliable
L - results are considered justified
How is the use of animal studies a limitation of the behaviourist approach?
P - Pavlov and Skinners used animal studies
Ev - Pavlov and skinner’s work was conducted in dogs, rats, pigeons
Ex - human’s brains are more complex than animal brains so the results will not be justified
C.P - Watson used a 9 month old in his little Albert experiment
How is Watson using a human in his study a counter for animal studies as a limitation of Behaviourism?
Used little Albert
How is the behaviourist approach handling ethical issues a strength?
P - handles ethical issues
Ev - applied to control human behaviour
Ex - behaviourist approach not only explains behaviour but can also be used to positively impac people and society
L - behaviourist approach must surely explain behaviour for all people
How is the mistreatment of animals a limitation of the behaviourist approach?
P - mistreatment of animals
Ev - Pavlov - dogs , Skinner -rats and pigeons
involved distressing procedures such as food deprivation or electronic shocks
Ex - ethical treatment of animals in compromised, raising concerns about whether such studies should be conducted at all
L - findings of behaviourist studies may be considered unjustified due to unethical treatment of animals
What are the evaluation point for Cognitive approach?
+) Scientific methods
-) contrived experiments
+) RWA
-) machine reductionist
How is the use of scientific methods a strength of the cognitive approach?
P - scientific methods
Ev - brain scans, CT scans, PET scans
Ex - accurate explanation of human behaviour
L - can explain behaviour IAPIAPATT
How is a contrived experiment a limitation of the cognitive approach?
P - contrived experiment
Ev - research studies of mental processes often arried out on artificial stimuli like word tests
Ex - lacks mundane realism
L - may not explain behaviour IAPIAPATT
How is RWA a strength of the Cognitive approachn?
P - RWA
Ev - AI, chatgpt, Siri, Alexa
Ex - not only an accurate explanation of human behaviour but can be applied to improve lives
L - explains behaviour IAPIAPATT
How is machine reductionism a limitation of the cognitive appraoch?
P -Machine-reductionist
Ev - we are more complicated, sociable and have more emotions than a computer model
Ex - not an accurate comparison, over-simplified
L; - may not expain behaviour IAPIAPATT
What are the evaluation points of the biological approach?
+) establishes psychology is a science
-) reductionist
+) RWA
-) Deterministic
