Schizophrenia Flashcards
what does schizo comprises?
Comprises a set of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
e.g., delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder
what are the signs of the schizo according to the DSM-5
At least two of the following symptoms, according to the DSM-5
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment of incoherence)
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition)
what are three traditional categories of the symptoms
positive
negative
cognitive
what is the positive symptom
Symptoms that are present in
the person with schizophrenia
that were not seen when the
person was healthy.
Delusions
–Hallucinations
–Disorganized thoughts,
moods and/or behaviour
–Changes in sensitivity
towards others (e.g., more
sensitive and aware of other
people, or withdrawn from
others
what is the negative symptom
Symptoms that involve a loss
of normal emotional
responses or the thought of
future reward (avolition)
– Lack of/less energy
– Change in physical
activity level (usually a
slowing)
– Reduced motivation
– Lack/loss of interest in the
feelings and lives of
others
– Lack of/less concern for
personal appearance
what is the cognitive symptom
Symptoms that involve a loss
of normal cognitive function
– disorganized thinking
– slow thinking
– difficulty understanding
– poor concentration
– poor memory
– difficulty expressing
thoughts
– difficulty integrating
thoughts, feelings and
behaviour
what is the The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Preclinical and clinical studies propose an impaired prefrontal dopamine functioning coupled with a hyperactive, or hyperreactive, subcortical dopamine projection to limbic areas of the brain in schizophrenia
how does the fga work in the schizo
The efficacy of first-generation antipsychotic drugs depends on their ability to block postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors.
what are the dopaminergic pathways
mesocortical pathway
mesolimbic pathway
nigrostriatal pathway
tuberoinfundibular pathway
which drug abuse may induce a condition similar to schizo
Amphetamine abuse may induce a condition similar to schizophrenia.
compare typical vs atypical medications
Typical:
* Block D2 receptors
* Reduce positive
symptoms and
agitation and
aggression
* Elevated prolactin
secretion
* Extrapyramidal side
effects
* Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome
Atypical:
* Vary in receptor affinity
* Fewer extrapyramidal
symptoms
* Unclear if better at
reducing negative
symptoms
* Weight gain,
dyslipidemia,
type II diabetes
what is the function and effect of dopamine blockade of nigrostriatal pathway
function: sensory simuli and movement
side: extrapayramidal symptoms
what is the function and effect of dopamine blockade of mesolimbic pathway
emotion, reward, hallocination, delucination
side effects: reduction of positive symptoms
what is the function and effect of dopamine blockade of misocortical pathway
cognitive and emotion behaviour
side: reduction of negative symptoms
what is the function and effect of dopamine blockade of tuberoinfundibular pathway
control of the hypothalamic- piturity endocrine system
side: extra prolactine secretion
