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Behavioral Science > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

How is schizophrenia defined?

A

“split mind”- divergence between behavior and thought; chronic and debilitating, no clouding of conciousness

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2
Q

What is schizophrenia caused by?

A

gene/environment interaction

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3
Q

What is schizophrenia exacerbated by?

A

stress

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4
Q

What is meant by “downward drift” schizophrenia?

A

patient gradually loses social stature, income, relationships and support

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5
Q

How does the psychosis of schizophrenia present?

A

hallucinations, delusions, abnormalities in thought/organization

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6
Q

What is an illusion?

A

misperception of real external stimuli

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7
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

sensory perception not generated by external stimuli

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8
Q

What is an idea of reference?

A

false conviction that one is subject to attention by others

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9
Q

What is a delusion?

A

false beliefs not correctable by logic

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10
Q

What is a loss of ego boundaries?

A

not knowing where ones mind and body end and wheres others begins

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11
Q

What is Alogia?

A

lack of informative content in speech

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12
Q

What is echolalia?

A

repeating statements of others/associating words by their sounds

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13
Q

What is thought blocking?

A

halt in the train of thinking (usually because of hallucination)

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14
Q

What are neologisms?

A

inventing new words

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15
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

unnecessary and voluminous details while answering a question but eventually arriving at an answer

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16
Q

What is tangentiality?

A

beginning response in a logical fashion but getting further away from the topic and never answering the question

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17
Q

What are loose associations?

A

illogically jumping from one subject to another

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18
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

A
  • 2 or more of: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms or disorganized speech
  • social/occupational dysfxn (lower than before onset)
  • duration of atleast 6 months w/ 1 month of sx
  • schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion
19
Q

What are the following symptoms described as, positive or negative? delusions, hallucinations, agitation, talkativeness, thought disorder

A

positive

20
Q

What are the following symptoms described as, positive or negative? lack of motivation, social withdrawal, flattened affect, cognitive disturbances, poor grooming and speech

A

negative

21
Q

Which type of symptoms respond well to both traditional and atypical antipsychotics?

A

positive

22
Q

Which symptoms only sometimes respond to atypical antipsychotics?

A

negative

23
Q

Who responds better to antipsychotic medication?

A

women

24
Q

How is the prodromal period of disease characterized?

A
  • avoidance of social activity
  • quiet and passive
  • interest in religion of philosophy
  • physical complaints
  • anxiety and depression
25
Q

How is the psychotic period of disease characterized?

A
  • loss of touch with reality

- positive symptoms

26
Q

How is the residual period of disease characterized?

A
  • between psychotic episodes
  • in touch with reality but doesn’t behave normally
  • negative symptoms
27
Q

What are patients on antipsychotics at risk of producing and why?

A

tardive dyskinesia; because of cumulative days of D2 drug blockade

28
Q

What types of changes occur structurally in the brain with schizophrenia?

A
  • hypofrontality
  • lateral and 3rd ventricle enlargement
  • asymmetry
  • decreased volume
  • decreased alpha waves
29
Q

Which 2 pathways are hypothesized to be associated with schizophrenia in the Dopamine Hypothesis?

A
  • positive-excess dopamine in mesolimbic pathway

- negative- low dopamine in mesocortical pathway

30
Q

Which neurotransmitter do the newer atypical antipsychotics target?

A

serotonin (decrease levels)

31
Q

Which subtype of schizophrenia may have increased NE levels?

A

paranoid subtype

32
Q

What is a leading hypothesis in the etiology of schizophrenia?

A

NMDA receptor hypoactivity

33
Q

Explain the pathway behind the positive symptoms according to the glutamate hypothesis.

A

1) bad NMDA receptors
2) loss of inhibition from GABA interneurons
3) increased firing from VTA sending extra dopamine to the limbic system
4) psychosis
* *Mesolimbic pathway**

34
Q

Explain the pathway behind the negative symptoms according to the glutamate hypothesis.

A

GLU-GABA-GLU-GABA-DA

faulty NMDA receptors ends with a loss of dopamine to the frontal lobe via the mesocortical pathway

35
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for Schizophrenia?

A
  • general medical conditions
  • manic phase of bipolar
  • substance induced
36
Q

What is the time period of brief psychotic disorder?

A

1-29 days

37
Q

What is the time period of schizophreniform disorder?

A

1-6 months

38
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

schizophrenia+mania/depression

39
Q

What is shared psychotic disorder?

A

one person is delusion and a 2nd person develops the same delusion

40
Q

What do all of the effective antipsychotics target?

A

block D2 receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine path

41
Q

Why is the compliance rate with antipsychotics low and what can be done about this?

A
  • unpleasant side effects and poor patient insight

- Use long acting injectable depot

42
Q

What types of psychotherapy can be helpful with schizophrenia patients?

A

CBT, family therapy, peer/mentor support

43
Q

Which of the following are good prognostic indicators: female, younger onset, married, no social relationships, good employment hx, no presence of mood symptoms or positive symptoms, or few relapses

A

good-female, married, good employment hx and few relapses

bad-younger onset, no social relationships, no mood symptoms or positive symptoms

44
Q

What are command hallucinations?

A

the patients hallucination tells them to do something (suicide, murder etc)

Behavioral Science (16 decks)

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