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Behavioral Science > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

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1
Q

Which system of the brain is involved in addiction?

A

the reward system

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2
Q

What is the function of the VTA?

A

houses the dopamine cell bodies that project to the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus accumbens?

A

integrates the signals from the VTA and the prefrontal cortex to determine motivational output

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4
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A
  • executive control over midbrain structures
  • judgement
  • cost benefit analysis
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5
Q

What is the function of the DLPFC?

A

statistical analysis-risk/benefit ratio

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6
Q

What is the function of the VMPFC?

A

assigns emotional valence-attach positive feelings to not doing dangerous things

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7
Q

What is the function of the OFC?

A

impulse prevention- supresses doing dangerous things

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8
Q

What is the function of the ACC?

A

vigilance

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9
Q

What does chronic drug use do to limbic function? PFC function?

A

Limbic-increased with chronic use

PFC-decreased with chronic use

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10
Q

How do drugs effect the limbic pathway?

A
  • enhance dopamine release
  • enhance dopamine effects on nucleus accumbens
  • produce effects similar to dopamine
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11
Q

What are of the brain might be strengthened from psychotherapy?

A

prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of alcohol intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
lowered consciousness
poor coordination
ataxia
nystagmus
slurred speech
stupor
GI Bleed
respiratory depression
coma
death
Treated-supportive care, airway support
**Tx belligerance with benzodiazepenes**
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
agitation
tremor
sensitivity to sensory input
nausea and vomitting
anorexia
anxiety/depression
headache
insomnia
seizures
hallucinations
Treatment- Thiamine, benzodiazepens and multivitamines
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of cannabis intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
euphoria
sensory stimulation
pupil constriction
photophobia
increased appetite
nystagmus
autonomic dysfxn
gynecomastia
airway disease
decreased sperm count
Treatment- d/c use, observation, bronchodilators
**neuroleptics if panic/psychosis**
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of cannabis withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
**Only in chronic use**
mild irritability
agitation
insomnia
EEG changes
Treatment-reassurance
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
perceptual distortion
hallucinations
nystagmus
feelings of depersonalization
mild nausea
tremors
tachycardia
hypertension
hyperreflexia
flashbacks
Treatment-reassurance and observation, and d/c of use
**Benzos for panic, paranoia and psychosis**
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17
Q

What are the symptoms of hallucinogen withdrawal and how is it treated?

A

psychological

Treatment-reassurance

18
Q

What are the symptoms of inhalant intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
euphoria
disorientation
sedation
acute toxicity to CNS, Liver and kidneys
cardiac arrhythmia
cardiac arrest
Treatment-symptomatic, d/c of use, supportive therapy, chelation therapy, resuscitation and hospitalization
19
Q

What are the symptoms of Inhalant withdrawal and how is it treated?

A

psychological

Treatment-reassurance and support

20
Q

What are the symptoms of stimulant intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
exhilaration
restlessness
irritability
insomnia
dilated pupils
tachycardia
arrhythmia
hypertension
anorexia
hyperreflexia
confusion
sensory hallucinations
paranoia
depression
Treatment- reassurance, observation, benzodiazepenes, external cooling, d/c of use
21
Q

What are the possible pathological symptoms of stimulant intoxication?

A

sudden cardiac arrest
hypertensive crisis
seizures
treatment- resuscitation, Beta blockers, phentolamine, nitroprusside, diazepam or phenytoin

22
Q

What are the symptoms of stimulant withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
In chronic users:
severe depression
prolonged sleep
voracious appetite
Treatment- close observation, reassurance
23
Q

What are the symptoms of depressant intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
CNS sedation
constricted pupils
disorientation
slurred speech
respiratory depression
hypothermia
coma
death
paradoxical disinhibition
hyperexcitability
Treatment- observation and supportive care, airway protection, possibly low dose benzodiazepenes
24
Q

How is acute OD of depressants treated?

A

gastric lavage
ventilation
warming blanket

25
Q

What are the symptoms of depressant withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
restlessness
anxiety
tremor
abdominal cramps
nausea
vomitting
hypertension
headache
insomnia
seizures
delirium
hyperpyrexia
hallucinations
death
Treatment- gradual reduction of the drug or phenobarbital substitution
seizures (diazepam)
hallucinations (haloperidol)
26
Q

What are the symptoms of narcotics intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
euphoria
constricted pupils
respiratory depression
bradycardia
hypotension
constipation
Treatment-airway protection, naloxone, d/c of use, intubation and ventilation
27
Q

What is intoxication and withdrawal from fentanyl analogs similar to?

A

narcotics

28
Q

What are the stages of change in tobacco cessation?

A 
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
29
Q

Name 5 ways to help a patient consider drug cessation in therapy.

A
  • express empathy
  • develop discrepancy-benefits of continuing drug use vs benefits of quitting
  • roll with resistance
  • support self efficacy
  • avoid argumentation
30
Q

What are the symptoms of stimulant withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
In chronic users:
severe depression
prolonged sleep
voracious appetite
Treatment- close observation, reassurance
31
Q

What are the symptoms of depressant intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
CNS sedation
constricted pupils
disorientation
slurred speech
respiratory depression
hypothermia
coma
death
paradoxical disinhibition
hyperexcitability
Treatment- observation and supportive care, airway protection, possibly low dose benzodiazepenes
32
Q

How is acute OD of depressants treated?

A

gastric lavage
ventilation
warming blanket

33
Q

What are the symptoms of depressant withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
restlessness
anxiety
tremor
abdominal cramps
nausea
vomitting
hypertension
headache
insomnia
seizures
delirium
hyperpyrexia
hallucinations
death
Treatment- gradual reduction of the drug or phenobarbital substitution
seizures (diazepam)
hallucinations (haloperidol)
34
Q

What are the symptoms of narcotics intoxication and how is it treated?

A 
euphoria
constricted pupils
respiratory depression
bradycardia
hypotension
constipation
Treatment-airway protection, naloxone, d/c of use, intubation and ventilation
35
Q

What are the symptoms of narcotics withdrawal and how is it treated?

A 
restlessness
lacrimation
yawning
dilation of the pupils
rhinorrhea
sniffing
sweating
flushing
tachycardia
piloerection
abdominal cramps
nausea
vomitting
diarrhea
Treatment-methadone, and clonidine
36
Q

What is intoxication and withdrawal from amphetamine analogs similar too?

A

amphetamines

37
Q

What is intoxication and withdrawal from PCP analogs similar too?

A

PCP

38
Q

What is process 1?

A

precontemplation to contemplation

-raise consciousness about cessation

39
Q

What is process 2?

A

conteplation to preparation

-self reevaluation (do I have the tools to make the change)

40
Q

What is process 3?

A

preparation to action

-self liberation/committment (do you have the strength to do it)

41
Q

What is process 4?

A

Action to Maintenance

Behavioral Science (16 decks)

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