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Behavioral Science > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the sympathetic manifestations of anxiety?

A

diaphoresis, mydriasis, tachycardia and tremor

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2
Q

What are the GI/GU symptoms associated with anxiety?

A

diarrhea and increased urinary frequency

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3
Q

What are some of the other symptoms of anxiety?

A

dizziness, syncope, hyperventilation, numbness and tingling in the extremities

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4
Q

What are some of the psychological manifestations of anxiety?

A

restlessness, irritability, trouble concentrating and worry

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5
Q

What are the 6 classifications of anxiety disorders?

A

GAD, panic disorder, OCD, simple phobia, PTSD, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder

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6
Q

What are some of the organic causes of anxiety-like symptoms?

A

caffeine, substance abuse, withdrawal, hyperthyroid, hypoglycemia

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7
Q

What are some of the psychiatric disorders that are associated with anxiety?

A 
depression
schizophrenia
eating disorders
personality disorders
substance dependence
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8
Q

What are the 3 main criteria for a diagnosis of anxiety?

A 
Symptoms persistent (>6 months)
Interfere with normal functioning
Cause significant distress
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9
Q

What are some of the psychosocial factors in the etiology os anxiety disorders?

A

traumatic disorders
maladaptive coping skills
learned anxiety? (worrying parents)

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10
Q

In which 2 populations is there a higher a prevalence of anxiety disorders?

A
  • those with family members with anxiety disorders

- women more affected than men

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitters are hypothesized to be involved in the pathology of anxiety disorders?

A

decreased serotonin and GABA

increased NE and glutamate

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12
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • excessive worry >6 months about >1 thing
  • difficulty controlling worry
  • > 3 of : restlessness, fatigue, diff. concentrating, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbance
  • causes significant impairment
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13
Q

What is the prognosis like for GAD?

A

worsens over time without treatment

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14
Q

What types of therapies and medications are used to treat GAD?

A
  • therapy: CBT or psychodynamic

- medications: antidepressants, buspirone, benzodiazepenes (2nd line), Beta blockers

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15
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that is unexpected (not precipitated by a trigger)

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16
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder?

A
  • recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
  • > 1 attack followed by >1 month of >1 of: concern about more attacks, changes in behavior related to attacks
  • no other explanation for symptoms
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17
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A
  • Fear/anxiety about >2 of: public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, in line or in a crowd, and being outside the home alone
  • fear of not being able to escape a situation
  • avoids situations
  • fear out of proportion to actual danger
  • > 6 months
  • causes significant impairment
  • no other explanation for symptoms
18
Q

How is panic disorder treated?

A

CBT, psychodynamic therapy, SSRI, Benzos (emergency tx)

19
Q

What is a phobia?

A
  • > 6 months
  • significant impairment
  • fear/anxiety about a specific object/situation
  • avoids object/situation
  • fear/anxiety out of proportion to actual danger
  • no other explanation
20
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A
  • > 6 months
  • significant impairment
  • fear/anxiety when exposed to social situation
  • fear of acting in ways that will be negatively scrutinized
  • avoids social situations
  • fear/anxiety out of proportion to actual threat
  • no other explanation for symptoms
21
Q

What is performance only social anxiety?

A

fear is restricted to public speaking or performing and doesn’t generalize to other social aspects

22
Q

How are specific phobias treated?

A
  • therapy: flooding, systemic desensitization, psychodynamics
  • meds: Benzos?
23
Q

How is social anxiety treated?

A
  • therapy: CBT, assertiveness training, group therapy

- meds: SSRI/SNRI, MAOI, Beta Blockers for performance only variant

24
Q

What are the criteria for OCD?

A

A-presence of obsessions and compulsions
B-O & C must be time consuming, cause significant distress, not substance induced and not better explained as symptoms of another disorder

25
Q

How is an obsession defined?

A

recurrent/persistent thoughts, urges and images

  • intrusive and unwanted
  • try to ignore/suppress them or neutralize (undoing-defense mechanism)
26
Q

What is a compulsion?

A
  • repetitive behavior in response to obsession (or set of rules)
  • typically undoes anxiety
  • stopping the compulsion increases anxiety
27
Q

Who is more affected by OCD, men or women?

A

both are affected equally

28
Q

Why types of disorders may be comordbid with OCD?

A
  • MDD or tourettes

- suicide risk is high

29
Q

What types of therapy are used for treatment of OCD?

A

CBT
ACT-acceptance and commitment therapy
Supportive Psychotherapy

30
Q

What types of medications might be used for OCD?

A

SSRI at higher dose
Clomipramine (TCA)
Antipsychotics
Benzodiazepene

31
Q

What are 3 other conditions considered in the differential for OCD?

A
  • Tourettes
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy
  • Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
32
Q

What is the most common thing that has the potential to cause PTSD?

A

death of a loved one

33
Q

What is the most likely thing to cause PTSD?

A

assault

34
Q

What variables are associated with the development of PTSD?

A

proximity to trauma
harm by another human
severity by repetition

35
Q

What are the criteria for PTSD diagnosis?

A

-exposure to actual or threatened traumatic event
-Sx > 6 months
-Sx cause distress/impairment
->1 intrusion Sx: distressing memories and/or nightmares reliving event, dissociative rxn, flashbacks, psychological distress that resembles an aspect of the trauma, or psychological rxn to exposure to external cues
-avoidance of stimuli associated with event
-negative changes in cognition and mood associated with the event
alterations in arousal/reactivity

36
Q

What are the criteria for acute stress disorder?

A
  • PTSD except for 3 days-1 month
  • Precursor to PTSD
  • Best time to treat
37
Q

What are the 5 categories of symptoms for ASD and PTSD?

A

1) re-experiencing event
2) avoidance
3) dissociate symptoms
4) negative mood
5) changes in arousal

38
Q

Who is PTSD and ASD more common in, men or women?

A

women

39
Q

Which factors make for a better prognosis?

A
  • rapid onset of Sx
  • No psychiatric co-morbidities
  • Good premorbid functioning
40
Q

Which psychiatric disorders make a patient more vulnerable to PTSD?

A
  • depressive disorder
  • substance related disorders
  • anxiety disorders
  • bipolar disorders
  • personality disorders
41
Q

Which type of psychotherapy is used for treatment of PTSD?

A
  • cognitive
  • behavioral
  • eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
  • psychodynamic
  • family and group therapy
42
Q

What types of medications are used in the treatment of PTSD?

A

SSRI
TCAs
MAOi
Prazosin- for nightmares

Behavioral Science (16 decks)

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