Depression

Question 1

What is the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?

Answer 1

SIGECAPS
S-Sleep disturbances
I-Interest/pleasure reduction
G-Guilt, feelings of worthlessness
E-Energy loss, fatigure
C-Concentration/attention impairment
A-Appetite changes
P-Psychomotor symptoms
S-Suicidal ideation

Question 2

How can you differentiate between normal sadness and depression?

Answer 2

SWAG
S-Suicidality
W-Weight Loss
A-Anhedonia
G-Guilt

Question 3

What is atypical depression?

Answer 3

more likely to have weight gain and hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, carb cravings, and rejection sensitivity

Question 4

What is pseudodementia?

Answer 4

cognitive symptoms in depressed elderly

misdiagnosed as dementia

Question 5

What is diurnal variation?

Answer 5

more depressed in am, better in pm

melancholic type depression

Question 6

What are psychomotor symptoms?

Answer 6

physical complaints (body aches, headaches)

Question 7

What is seasonal affective disorder?

Answer 7

MDD associated with the shorter days in the winter, atypical symptoms

Question 8

What is the treatment for seasonal affective disorder?

Answer 8

full spectrum light exposure

Question 9

What is masked depression?

Answer 9

vague physical ailments, unaware/denial of depression

Question 10

What are some possible medical causes for depressive symptoms?

Answer 10

hypothyroid, cushings, anemia, brain injury, vitamin deficiency, and sleep apnea

Question 11

What are the possibly etiologies of depression? (in order of best theory)

Answer 11

1) Monoamine receptor excess theory
2) Monoamine deficiency
3) Loss of neurotrophic factors and degenration
4) Genetics

Question 12

High # of receptors/ low # of transmitter =

Answer 12

Depression

Question 13

What changes are seen in the brain with depression?

Answer 13

hyperactive amygdala

hypoactive DLPFC

Question 14

In who is depression more common?

Answer 14

more common in women, (also more likely to seek treatment for it) widowed, chronically ill, substance abuse, and anxiety

Question 15

What are the 6 different categories of antidepressants?

Answer 15

SSRI, SNRI, NDRI, MAOI, TCA, and sedating antidepressants

Question 16

Approximately how long can antidepressants take to begin working and what can be used in the interim?

Answer 16

• up to 8 weeks

- psychostimulants, ketamine and ECT used when immediate resolution of symptoms is needed

Question 17

When else can ECT be used?

Answer 17

for severe depression that is unresponsive to meds

Question 18

What are the 4 other neurostimulation techniques?

Answer 18

vagus nerve stimulation
transcranial magnetic stim
deep brain stim
transcranial direct current stimulation

Question 19

What types of psychotherapy are used to treat depression?

Answer 19

family
interpersonal
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive

Question 20

Which is more useful in treating depression, medication or psychotherapy?

Answer 20

BOTH