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Psychology :) > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Family Dysfunction defintion

A

Abnormal family processes ie cold parenting, high EE etc

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2
Q 
Scizophrenogenic mother
(Psychological explaintion)
A

When a mother is cold, rejecting and controlling which creates a climate of tension, secrecy and distrust

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3
Q

Schizophrenogenic mother Evaluation

A
  • Subjective, even with their classification only a very small percentage fit into this.
  • Hindered understanding of Sz
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4
Q

Roff et al

A

indicated a relationship between mothering style and schizophrenia development

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5
Q

Double Bind

Psychological Explanation

A

A child is confused by mixed messages in communication and is punished with love withdrawal

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6
Q

Double Bind evaluation

A
  • Risk factor not causation
  • Berger= people with sz reported more DB statements as children
  • Levin (1980)= found no difference in patterns of parental communication in families with children with sz and control
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7
Q

Berger et al

Double Bind

A

Found that people with sz reported a higher number of DB statements in their childhood than control
BUT this is a retrospective self report study, memory may also be affected by medication

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8
Q

Levin (1980)

Expressed emotion

A

Found no difference in patterns of parental communication in families with children with sz compared to control families

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9
Q 
Expressed Emotion (EE)
Psychological explation
A

High levels of verbal criticism, hostility and overinvolvement

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10
Q

Expressed emotion evaluation

A
  • subjective ->How do you measure negative tone?
  • Culturally biased
  • reciprocal determinism
  • Brown = found high EE was a risk factor for relapse
  • Tienari et al = children adopted into high EE families are more likely to develop Sz
  • Altorfer et al
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11
Q

Brown et al

A

Found that high EE was a risk factor for sz relapse.

HIgh= 60% relapse

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12
Q

Tienari et al

A

Children adopted into high EE families were more likely to develop SZ

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13
Q

Altorfer et al

A

1/4 of patients showed no response to stressful comments from family

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14
Q

Cognitive Explanation for SZ

Definition

A

States that SZ is characterised by a disturbance in thought attention and perception which results in dysfunctional thought processing.

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15
Q

Firth (1992)

Cognitive explanation

A

Suggests that people with SZ fail to monitor their thoughts

so inner voice becomes and external force

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16
Q

Stirling et al (2006)

A

conducted stroop test with 30 patients with sz and 30 control
found patients with sz took twice as long to name the font colour
BUT sample is not representative, as does not reflect the strata 1% of the population

17
Q

Auditory Selective Attention

Cognitive Explanations

A

Suggests negative symptoms may be coping strategies to deal with over stimulation

18
Q

Pickering et al

Auditory selective attention

A

Proposed that sz may be caused by a breakdown in auditory selective information making interactions difficult. This means they have no choice but to withdraw

19
Q

Cognitive Explanation Evaluation
STRENTHS

think nature vs nurture

A
  • It is compatible with the biological approach as it suggests that genes are inherited
  • cognitive processing deficits can lead to distortions
  • Found traumatic event in 2nd trimester of pregnancy can increase chance of sz
20
Q

Cognitive Explanations Evaluation

WEAKNESS

A
  • Does not give explanation why/what causes cognitive changes ->Although it suggests it may be due to a traumatic event
  • If dysfunctional thought processes are said to be the ‘root cause’ it does not explain why people with linked disorders (ie dyslexia) would correlate
21
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Delusions, hallucination, thought disturbances

22
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Avolition, speech poverty, reduced hygiene

23
Q

Typical Drug Therapy and side effects

A

Ding to D2 receptors to block action to work on positive symptoms
Short term side effects= shaking, muscle spasms, stiffness (extrapyramidal)

Long term effects= Involuntary movements of face and mouth (tardive dyskinesia)

24
Q

Atypical Drug Therapy and side effects

A

Used in the 70s but withdrawn due to deaths, they act on the D2 system and block serotonin receptors to work on both positive and negative symptoms

side effects= weight gain, tiredness, reduced memory, agranulocytosis (low WBC) and NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

25
Q

Drug Therapies EVALUATION

Davis et al

A

Davis= found antipsychotics are more effective than placebo with 75% patient improvement compared to 25% in the control

26
Q

Lieberman et al

Weakness of Drug therapy

A

Found 74% of individuals discontinued treatments in first 18 months due to side effects

27
Q

Aims of Cognitive Bhavioural Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp)

Psychological therapies

A

Focuses on residual symptoms that persist with antipsychotic meds
Aims= to establish links between thoughts, feelings, actions, and symptoms
= recognise triggers

28
Q

CBTp Evaluation

A
  • Less side effects but more expensive so not offered by the NHS
  • Drury et al= found 25-50% reduction in recovery time with drugs and CBTp
  • Kingdon et al= CBTp is not suitable for many as they cannot engage with it
29
Q

Coping Sttrategy Enhancement (CSE)

Psychological therapies

A

Tarrier devised specific for Sz with the aims to develp coping strategies

30
Q

Chadwick (video clips)

A

Patients with sz delusions said they could predict the future but failed to predict it on 50 video clips
BUT only a case study

31
Q

Family Therpy

Psychologiccal tratmentd

A

Based on the idea that family dysfunction causes sz
Aims= to improve positive and negative forms of communication,
increase tolerance,
decrease feelings of guilt and stress,
enhance ability to anticipate and solve problems
There is an emphasis on openessand takes between 3months to 1 year

32
Q

Mcfarlane et al

Family therapy

A

A meta analysis found Family therapy reduces symptoms and relapse

33
Q

Garety et al

Weakness of Family therapy

A

Found no difference between FT and no therapy so not effective

34
Q

Pharoah (2009)

Strengths of family therapy

A

Found evidence that FT reduces hospital readmission

BUT noted inconsistency between studies

35
Q

Psychological explanations for Sz

A

Schizophrenogenic mother
Double bind
Expressed emotion

36
Q

Cognitive explanations for schizophrenia

A

Distortion of reality

Auditory selective attention

37
Q

Psychological therapies

A

CBTp
Coping strategy enhancement (CSE)
Family therapy

Psychology :) (8 decks)

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