Scales, Chords, Intervals, Transposition Flashcards
natural
pure
difference between leading tone and subtonic?
LT=Maj7 subtonic=b7
which intervals do not invert?
perfect prime, perfect octave, augmented octave
Which triads are consonant and which are dissonant?
Maj/min=Con, Aug/dim=Dis
11th extensions usually occur on which type of chords?
min9, min9(b5), dim9
altered 9 and #11 may be used on which type of chord?
dominant 7th
pentatonic major and minor scale degrees
major: 1-2-3-5-6
minor: 1-b3-4-5-b7 (or…C major is CDEGA, A minor is the same series of notes but starts on A. ACDEG)
when transposition is needed a half step higher or lower
by key signature(Gb-G, F-F#, etc)
which chord symbols affect the 5th?
aug, dim, half dim, flat 5
b6–>7 in harmonic minor is a _______________
objectionable melodic interval
11 extensions usually occur on which type of chords?
dom9, aug9, maj6/9, maj9
which intervals are consonant?
1, 3, b3, 5, 6, b6, 8
Note: Watch enharmonic spellings. P5 is consonant, dim6 is dissonant
which chord symbols affect the 3rd?
min, dim, half dim
b13th extensions usually occur on which type of chords?
Dom7(b or #9)#11, min11(b5), dim11
good for transposing chromatic lines
by interval
13th extensions usually occur on which type of chords?
dom9(#11), maj9(#11)
b9 may be used in a dom13 but must have #11(G13(#11)(b9))
interval relationships within a piece of music which establishes 1 pitch as tonic
key
Stable, active and tendency tones for every mode
Stable: 1, 3, 5 ALL KEYS Active: 2,4,6,7 ALL KEYS Tendency 1)4,7 2)6 3)2,6 4)4,7 5)3,4,7 6)6 7)unstable or all 8) Harmonic and melodic minor: 6,7
sus4 extensions usually occur on which type of chords?
dom7, dom9, maj6, maj6/9, maj7, maj9
parallel vs relative majors/minors
Cmaj=Cmin is parallel
Cmaj=Amin is relative
Spell a min/maj 7 chord
1,b3,5,7
how do you write accidentals in a chromatic scale?
alter the previous pitch. D-D#-E-F-F#-G-G#…F-E-Eb-D-Db, etc.
BE CAREFUL OF YOUR KEY SIGNATURE. You do not need to alter notes that are already altered in the key.
which chord symbols affect the 7th?
Maj, dim
which intervals are dissonant?
2, b2, 4, 7, b7, all augmented and diminished
Note: Watch enharmonic spellings. P5 is consonant, dim6 is dissonant
what is the easy way to compound or reduce intervals?
add or subtract 7. Perfect 5th compounded an octave is a Perfect 12th
what is the easy way to find interval relationships when inverted?
rule of 9. 6 becomes a 3rd, 2nd becomes a 7th. Major becomes minor, diminished becomes augmented and vice versa
which part of the melodic minor scale is used when constructing diatonic triads?
ascending
lead into chord tones by step
approach tones
most direct means of transposition, good for diatonic melodies
by scale degree
9/b9 alterations are used on what type of chords?
dominant 7th
What are the prominent overtones for saxophone and clarinet?
Sax: 1,3,5
Clar: 2,4,6
Do overtones increase or decrease in intensity as they are further removed from the fundamental?
Decrease
