SBA Paper 2 Flashcards
Where is ribosomal RNA synthesised in the cell?
Nucleolus
Where is desmin found?
Muscle cells
Which layer of the trilaminar disc is the notochord derived from?
Mesoderm
During which week of foetal development does the primitive streak usually appear?
Week 3
Is tubulin an intermediate filament?
No, it is a microtubule filament (larger)
What level is the angle of Louis (sternal angle)?
T4
Which structures can be found at the angle of louis?
- Bifurcation of the trachea
2. Loop of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop?
Right subclavian artery
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop?
Arch of the aorta
In which layer of the heart can Purkinje fibres be found?
Endocardium
Which nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
Superior laryngeal nerve
What are pores of Kohn?
Structures that allow transmission and equilibrium of air pressure between the alveoli
Define generator potential
Graded, non propagated potential changes seen in in sensory organs
What causes the oxygen-haemoglobin curve to shift to the right?
Decrease in pH / increase in temperature
How many layers of muscle does the stomach have?
3 (oblique, circular and longitudinal)
How many layers of muscle does the GI tract (excluding stomach) have?
2 (circular and longtitudinal)
Which molecule transports most of the copper around the body?
Ceruloplasmin
What molecule decreases satiety / increases hunger?
Ghrelin
Which molecules increase satiety / decrease hunger?
Secretin, CCK, Leptin, Insulin
Which chemical gives urine its yellow appearance?
Urobilin
Is stercobilinogen a constituent of bile?
No
Apart from H20 and bile salts, name two constituents of bile?
Bile salts and lethicin
Name four structures that the transpyloric plane crosses?
- Gallbladder
- Pylorus of stomach
- Pancreas
- Hila of left kidney
What are the five focal virtues?
Compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity and conscientiousness
What are the clinical features of a hemi-section of the spinal cord (Brown-Sequard syndrome)?
Ipsilateral: Loss of motor function, 2 point discrimination and proprioception loss
Contralateral: Loss of pain and temperature sensation
What structures form the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen and globus pallidus
What structures form the striatum?
Caudate and putamen
What structures from the neostriatum?
Putamen and substantia nigra
Where does fertilisation of the oocyte occur?
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
Where is the only place in the body you can find a double layer of stratified columnar cells?
Conjunctiva of eyelid
In which cells would you find Reinke’s crystalloids?
Leydig cells
At which level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4
Where is EPO produced?
In the interstitial cells of the renal cortex
What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
Which type of bone is the most numerous in the human body?
Long bones
What is the function of osteocytes?
Regulate bone mass and maintenance of bone
Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle and what is the function of the deltoid?
Axillary nerve / Abduction at the shoulder
When the elbow is flexed, what muscle is the strongest supinator of the forearm?
Biceps brachii
What composes all or part of the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
The tendon of biceps femoris
