SBA Paper 2

Question 1

Where is ribosomal RNA synthesised in the cell?

Answer 1

Nucleolus

Question 2

Where is desmin found?

Answer 2

Muscle cells

Question 3

Which layer of the trilaminar disc is the notochord derived from?

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

During which week of foetal development does the primitive streak usually appear?

Answer 4

Week 3

Question 5

Is tubulin an intermediate filament?

Answer 5

No, it is a microtubule filament (larger)

Question 6

What level is the angle of Louis (sternal angle)?

Answer 6

T4

Question 7

Which structures can be found at the angle of louis?

Answer 7

1. Bifurcation of the trachea

2. Loop of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 8

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop?

Answer 8

Right subclavian artery

Question 9

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop?

Answer 9

Arch of the aorta

Question 10

In which layer of the heart can Purkinje fibres be found?

Answer 10

Endocardium

Question 11

Which nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 11

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 12

What are pores of Kohn?

Answer 12

Structures that allow transmission and equilibrium of air pressure between the alveoli

Question 13

Define generator potential

Answer 13

Graded, non propagated potential changes seen in in sensory organs

Question 14

What causes the oxygen-haemoglobin curve to shift to the right?

Answer 14

Decrease in pH / increase in temperature

Question 15

How many layers of muscle does the stomach have?

Answer 15

3 (oblique, circular and longitudinal)

Question 16

How many layers of muscle does the GI tract (excluding stomach) have?

Answer 16

2 (circular and longtitudinal)

Question 17

Which molecule transports most of the copper around the body?

Answer 17

Ceruloplasmin

Question 18

What molecule decreases satiety / increases hunger?

Answer 18

Ghrelin

Question 19

Which molecules increase satiety / decrease hunger?

Answer 19

Secretin, CCK, Leptin, Insulin

Question 20

Which chemical gives urine its yellow appearance?

Answer 20

Urobilin

Question 21

Is stercobilinogen a constituent of bile?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Apart from H20 and bile salts, name two constituents of bile?

Answer 22

Bile salts and lethicin

Question 23

Name four structures that the transpyloric plane crosses?

Answer 23

1. Gallbladder
2. Pylorus of stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Hila of left kidney

Question 24

What are the five focal virtues?

Answer 24

Compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity and conscientiousness

Question 25

What are the clinical features of a hemi-section of the spinal cord (Brown-Sequard syndrome)?

Answer 25

Ipsilateral: Loss of motor function, 2 point discrimination and proprioception loss
Contralateral: Loss of pain and temperature sensation

Question 26

What structures form the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 26

Putamen and globus pallidus

Question 27

What structures form the striatum?

Answer 27

Caudate and putamen

Question 28

What structures from the neostriatum?

Answer 28

Putamen and substantia nigra

Question 29

Where does fertilisation of the oocyte occur?

Answer 29

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

Question 30

Where is the only place in the body you can find a double layer of stratified columnar cells?

Answer 30

Conjunctiva of eyelid

Question 31

In which cells would you find Reinke’s crystalloids?

Answer 31

Leydig cells

Question 32

At which level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

Answer 32

L4

Question 33

Where is EPO produced?

Answer 33

In the interstitial cells of the renal cortex

Question 34

What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?

Answer 34

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 35

Which type of bone is the most numerous in the human body?

Answer 35

Long bones

Question 36

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 36

Regulate bone mass and maintenance of bone

Question 37

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle and what is the function of the deltoid?

Answer 37

Axillary nerve / Abduction at the shoulder

Question 38

When the elbow is flexed, what muscle is the strongest supinator of the forearm?

Answer 38

Biceps brachii

Question 39

What composes all or part of the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 39

The tendon of biceps femoris