Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
What is paracrine communication?
Chemical messengers between cells, being released into the ECF and travelling short distances (such as neuromuscular junctions)
What is autocrine communication?
Chemical communication that acts upon the same ell
What is exocrine communication?
The secretion of chemical communicators into ducts and organs
What is endocrine communication?
Chemical communication between a cell and other cells at a distant location in the body through the bloodstream
Which step of the Kreb’s cycle directly produces ATP?
Succinyl-CoA to succinate
What is the total number of ATP that can be produced by glycolysis, Kreb’s and oxidative phosphorylation of a single glucose molecule?
38
2 each from glycolysis and Kreb’s
34 from oxidative phosphorylation
How much ATP does full metabolism of one fatty acid produce?
Significantly more than glucose metabolism, eg. oleic acid is 146 ATP
In which part of the liver cells does ketogenesis occur?
The mitochondrial matrix
In which part of the gastrointestinal tract is the bulk of protein absorbed?
Duodenum
List 4 functions of saliva
- Maintains oral pH
- Has alpha amylase for starch digestion
- Antibacterial properties
- Lubricates mastication
What is the first branch of a normal aorta?
The coronary arteries
Then the arch
During phase 3 of ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential, the cells repolarise. How?
Efflux of K+ ions
Which ion is responsible for the upstroke of the SA node action potential?
Ca2+ (not Na+ as in other cells)
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does most ventricular filling occur?
Diastole
What is the tunica intima?
Endothelial cells separated by gap junctions
