MedSoc Question Bank Flashcards
Which is the only salivary gland that is not continuously active?
Parotid gland
What do PP cells secrete?
Pancreatic polypeptide
What do acinar cells secrete?
Bicarbonate
What causes the dicrotic notch?
Increased aortic pressure upon closing of the aortic valve, due to the blood rebounding against the valve
What are 4 effects of increased pH on the skin?
- Corneodesmosomes are broken down
- Impaired formation of the lipid lamellae
- Reduced water retention
- Easier for allergens to penetrate
In which layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?
Stratum Basale
What is the stratum basale?
Single layer of cells, closest to the dermis
Only in this layer do cells divide
What is the stratum spinosum?
8-10 layers of cells, with a lot of desmosomes anchoring them together
What is the stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers of cells containing lipid rich secretion, which acts as a water sealant
What is the stratum lucidum?
A thin, transparent layer between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum which is hard to see in histological sections
What is the stratum corneum?
The outermost layer of the epidermis Many layers (20-30) of dead cells with densely packed keratin
What do intrafusal muscle fibres do?
Sense stretch by monitoring muscle length and rate of change
What are 3 clinical signs a patient might present with if the skin was penetrated by allergens?
Redness, itchiness, dryness
What leads to redness of the skin?
Vasodilation
What leads to dryness of the skin?
Skin cells damaged and therefore leaking water
What leads to itchiness of the skin?
Stimulation of proprioceptors by the release of histamine
Why does acne occur?
The hair follicle becomes blocked with sebum, skin cells or bacteria
What are the 3 types of junctions that can adhere skin cells together?
- Adherens
- Desmosomes
- Tight
What substance is secreted in saliva that assists with B12 absorption?
R factor
What cells produce secretin?
S cells
What cells produce CCK
I cells
