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Biology > SB6 - Plant structures & their functions > Flashcards

SB6 - Plant structures & their functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

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2
Q

How is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

A

Energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

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3
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

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4
Q

What’s the word equation for photosynthesis?

A
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5
Q

What’s the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A
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6
Q

In which part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplasts
—> Chlorophyll

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7
Q

What are the main producers of food?

A

Plants & Algae

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8
Q

What are the primary producers of biomass in all food webs & chains?

A

Plants & Algae

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9
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Co2 concentration
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10
Q

Which axis does the limiting factors go on when we use graphs?

A

X - axis

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11
Q

What are root hair cells specialised to do?

A

Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil as they are found in the tips of roots

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12
Q

List how root hair cells are specialised

A
  • Large surface area
  • Lots of mitochondria
  • Large, permanent vacuole
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13
Q

How does having a Large surface area help root hair cells?

A

More water can move in

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14
Q

How does having a Lots of mitochondria help root hair cells?

A

Provides energy for the active transport of mineral ions into root hair cell

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15
Q

How does having a Large, permanent vacuole help root hair cells?

A

Affects the speed of movement of water from the soil to the cell

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16
Q

List how xylem cells are specialised

A
  • Dead cells become lignified
  • Lignin is deposited in spirals
17
Q

How does having dead cells become lignified help xylem cells?

A

Lignin is deposited which causes the cells to die
—> They become hollow & join end-to-end so water and mineral ions can move through

18
Q

How does Lignin is deposited in spirals help xylem cells?

A

Helps the cells withstand the pressure from the movement of water

19
Q

What are xylem cells specialised to do?

A

Specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots

20
Q

What are Phloem cells specialised to do?

A

Specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis (food) to all parts of the plants

21
Q

List how phloem cells are specialised

A
  • Cell walls form sieve plates
  • Energy is supplied by mitochondria of the companion cells
22
Q

How does cell walls form sieve plates help phloem cells?

A

Allows the movement of substances from cell to cell

23
Q

How does energy is supplied by mitochondria of the companion cells help phloem cells?

A

These cells use this energy to transport sucrose (the sugar that plants use) around the plant

24
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water of water vapour from the leaves and stems of the plant

25
Q

What is the purpose of guard cells

A

Close and open stomata

26
Q

Describe the structure of guard cells

A
  • They are kidney shaped
  • They have thin outer walls and thick inner walls
26
Q

How does stomatas being located at the bottom of the leaf aid gas exchange?

A

Allows gases to be exchanged whilst minimising water loss by evaporation as the lower surface is shaded and cooler

27
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of food substances (such as sucrose) made in the leaves up or down the phloem, for use immediately or storage

28
Q

Where does translocation occur?

A

Phloem

29
Q

What is a source?

A

The places where the substance is made

30
Q

What is a sink?

A

The places where the substance used or stored

31
Q

What does the location of the sources and sinks depend on?

A

The season

Biology (11 decks)

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