PAPER 2 - LAST MIN STUFF Flashcards
Compare rate of blood flow DURING exercise with blood flow at rest
- Blood flow through the brain stays the same
- Blood flow through muscles are increased
- Blood flow through digestive system is decreased
In the practical investigating respiration describe a suitable control
What is Fick’s law?
Explain how shivering can help a person regulate their body temperature
Describe what happens to urea as the blood passes through the dialysis machine
Why can a twin sister be a suitable kidney donor
- Kidney is less likely to be rejected
- Cells will have similar DNA
- Cells will not cause an immune response
Factors affecting diabetes?
- Age
- Diet
- Genetic makeup
Explain effect of type 2 diabetes on the body
Explain how sweating helps to cool the body
Function of spongey mesophyll
- Gas exchange
- So Co2/o2 can leave the cells
Why does blood flow increase to the muscles during exercise
Why does the blood flow to the brain stay the same during exercise?
Brain needs a constant amount of glucose and oxygen to function
Why does blood flow to other organs decrease during exercise?
- Allow more blood flow to the working muscles
- Allow for more respiration in muscles
Why do some peoples legs cramp when they were running?
- Anaerobic respiration occurs
- Not enough oxygen gets to muscles
- Lactic acid produced
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
- Large surface area
- Moist
- Good blood supply
- Thin membrane
Factors affecting diffusion rate?
- Surface area
- Concentration difference
- Thickness of membrane
Why is cellular respiration is essential for living organisms
Shape of red blood cell?
Biconcave
Structure of red blood cells:
- Contains haemoglobin
- Biconcave disc shape
- Smooth
- No nucleus
Structure of white blood cells:
- Has nucleus
- Flexible membranes
- Receptors on membrane
Explain why red blood cells cannot be stored in pure water
- Water will move into the red blood cells
- By osmosis
- Against a concentration gradient
Purpose of septum
Stops oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing
Explain how a plant hormone causes these shoots to grow towards the light
Explain how plant hormones work as weed killers
Explain why the area labelled as the consumer is smaller than the area labelled producer in a energy pyramid
Explain how eutrophication will affect the fish living in the lakes
What is clomifene therapy?
Introduces hormones into the body
What is IVF?
- Involves fertilisation outside of the body
- Fertilised egg cell can be directly implanted into the uterus
Explain the effect of adrenalin on liver cells during exercise
When resting metabolic rate measured?
- Body at rest
- Warm room
- Long after person had a meal
What processes happened if energy of an animal is not transferred?
- Respiration
- Heat
- Movement
Why are these animals classed as parasites?
Describe a sampling technique to find the mean number of female glow-worms in a field
Give two reasons why all the biomass from the krill is not transferred to the cod
Explain why grass does not grow where there are nettles
Relationship where both animals benefit
Mutualistic
Kidney failure treatments?
- Organ donation
- Dialysis
Dialysis consequences
- Increased risk of infection
- Regular trips to hospital
Organ donation consequences
- Needs to take Immunosuppressant drugs
- Risk of organ rejection
Where is urea produced
Liver
Glucagon
Hormone - low blood glucose
Where is glucagon released from?
Pancreas
What bacteria are in the nitrogen cycle
- Decomposers
- Nitrifying bacteria
- Denitrifying bacteria
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria
What are nitrifying bacteria for?
Make nitrates
What are denitrifying bacteria for?
Release nitrogen
What are nitrogen fixing bacteria for?
Convert nitrogen into nitrates
What are Decomposers for?
Break down waste matter into ammonia
Where is TRH PRODUCED from
Hypothalamus
Where is TSH RELEASED from
Pituitary
Low levels of thyroxine?
oestrogen purpose
Repairing and thickening the uterus lining
LH purpose
Stimulates the release of the egg
FSH purpose
Maturation of an egg in the ovary
What is lichen an indicator of?
Sulphur dioxide pollution in the air
Xylem vs phloem
