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Biology > PAPER 2 - LAST MIN STUFF > Flashcards

PAPER 2 - LAST MIN STUFF Flashcards

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1
Q

Compare rate of blood flow DURING exercise with blood flow at rest

A
  • Blood flow through the brain stays the same
  • Blood flow through muscles are increased
  • Blood flow through digestive system is decreased
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2
Q

In the practical investigating respiration describe a suitable control

A
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3
Q

What is Fick’s law?

A
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4
Q

Explain how shivering can help a person regulate their body temperature

A
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5
Q

Describe what happens to urea as the blood passes through the dialysis machine

A
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6
Q

Why can a twin sister be a suitable kidney donor

A
  • Kidney is less likely to be rejected
  • Cells will have similar DNA
  • Cells will not cause an immune response
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7
Q

Factors affecting diabetes?

A
  • Age
  • Diet
  • Genetic makeup
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8
Q

Explain effect of type 2 diabetes on the body

A
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9
Q

Explain how sweating helps to cool the body

A
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10
Q

Function of spongey mesophyll

A
  • Gas exchange
  • So Co2/o2 can leave the cells
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11
Q

Why does blood flow increase to the muscles during exercise

A
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12
Q

Why does the blood flow to the brain stay the same during exercise?

A

Brain needs a constant amount of glucose and oxygen to function

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13
Q

Why does blood flow to other organs decrease during exercise?

A
  • Allow more blood flow to the working muscles
  • Allow for more respiration in muscles
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14
Q

Why do some peoples legs cramp when they were running?

A
  • Anaerobic respiration occurs
  • Not enough oxygen gets to muscles
  • Lactic acid produced
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15
Q

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

A
  • Large surface area
  • Moist
  • Good blood supply
  • Thin membrane
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16
Q

Factors affecting diffusion rate?

A
  • Surface area
  • Concentration difference
  • Thickness of membrane
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17
Q

Why is cellular respiration is essential for living organisms

A
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18
Q

Shape of red blood cell?

A

Biconcave

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19
Q

Structure of red blood cells:

A
  • Contains haemoglobin
  • Biconcave disc shape
  • Smooth
  • No nucleus
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20
Q

Structure of white blood cells:

A
  • Has nucleus
  • Flexible membranes
  • Receptors on membrane
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21
Q

Explain why red blood cells cannot be stored in pure water

A
  • Water will move into the red blood cells
  • By osmosis
  • Against a concentration gradient
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22
Q

Purpose of septum

A

Stops oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing

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23
Q

Explain how a plant hormone causes these shoots to grow towards the light

A
24
Q

Explain how plant hormones work as weed killers

A
25
Q

Explain why the area labelled as the consumer is smaller than the area labelled producer in a energy pyramid

A
26
Q

Explain how eutrophication will affect the fish living in the lakes

A
27
Q

What is clomifene therapy?

A

Introduces hormones into the body

28
Q

What is IVF?

A
  • Involves fertilisation outside of the body
  • Fertilised egg cell can be directly implanted into the uterus
29
Q

Explain the effect of adrenalin on liver cells during exercise

A
30
Q

When resting metabolic rate measured?

A
  • Body at rest
  • Warm room
  • Long after person had a meal
31
Q

What processes happened if energy of an animal is not transferred?

A
  • Respiration
  • Heat
  • Movement
32
Q

Why are these animals classed as parasites?

A
33
Q

Describe a sampling technique to find the mean number of female glow-worms in a field

A
34
Q

Give two reasons why all the biomass from the krill is not transferred to the cod

A
35
Q

Explain why grass does not grow where there are nettles

A
36
Q

Relationship where both animals benefit

A

Mutualistic

37
Q

Kidney failure treatments?

A
  • Organ donation
  • Dialysis
38
Q

Dialysis consequences

A
  • Increased risk of infection
  • Regular trips to hospital
39
Q

Organ donation consequences

A
  • Needs to take Immunosuppressant drugs
  • Risk of organ rejection
40
Q

Where is urea produced

A

Liver

41
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone - low blood glucose

42
Q

Where is glucagon released from?

A

Pancreas

43
Q

What bacteria are in the nitrogen cycle

A
  • Decomposers
  • Nitrifying bacteria
  • Denitrifying bacteria
  • Nitrogen fixing bacteria
44
Q

What are nitrifying bacteria for?

A

Make nitrates

45
Q

What are denitrifying bacteria for?

A

Release nitrogen

46
Q

What are nitrogen fixing bacteria for?

A

Convert nitrogen into nitrates

47
Q

What are Decomposers for?

A

Break down waste matter into ammonia

48
Q

Where is TRH PRODUCED from

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q

Where is TSH RELEASED from

A

Pituitary

50
Q

Low levels of thyroxine?

A
51
Q

oestrogen purpose

A

Repairing and thickening the uterus lining

52
Q

LH purpose

A

Stimulates the release of the egg

53
Q

FSH purpose

A

Maturation of an egg in the ovary

54
Q

What is lichen an indicator of?

A

Sulphur dioxide pollution in the air

55
Q

Xylem vs phloem

A

Biology (11 decks)

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