SASx Exam II Material - Distal Joints, Hip, Stifle Flashcards
T/F: TPLO and the TTA procedures for cruciate injury do not eliminate cranial drawer motion, but do provide dynamic or active constraint of drawer motion
True
T/F: With a craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation, the greater trochanter is displaced dorsally
True
-
Craniodorsal luxation
- Most common (>90%)
- Pull of gluteal muscles
- Greater trochanter displaced dorsally
What is considered the most important function of the cranial cruciate ligament?
prevents cranial tibial thrust
-
Cranial Tibial Thrust
- Naturally occurs during weightbearing
- Weightbearing creates compression across joint
- Angle between compression and tibial plateau results in shear
- Shear results in cranial force on tibia
- CCL opposes shear
List the two most common methods of screening for hip dysplasia
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)
- University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program (PennHIP)
The patella is easily luxated and spontaneously reduces on extension. What is the grade?
Grade II
A Yorkshire terrier presents to your hospital for what you suspect is a luxating patella problem. What kind of gait or stance would confirm your suspicion?
- Bunny hopping gait
- Sits often with affected limb out
- Completely non-weight bearing
- Skipping gait
skipping gait
The treatment of choice for Legg-Perthes disease is:
femoral head ostectomy (FHO)
THR may also be considered
What breed is particularly predisposed to OCD in the tarsus?
Rottweiler
- Frequently bilateral
- Lesion is located on the ridge of the talus
- Medial – most common**
- Lateral – predominantly seen in Rottweilers (but even in Rottweilers, medial is more common)
What early radiographic change do you see with Legg-Perthes disease?
Radiopacity of lateral femoral head
Focal bony lysis (motheaten or apple core appearance)
-
Later changes
- Flattening, mottling of the femoral head
- Collapse, thickening of femoral neck
Using OFA, you cannot certify hips before ____ months
Using OFA, you cannot certify hips before 24 months
- OFA
- Single VD pelvis view; hip extended; stifles internally rotated
- 7-point ordinal scale, excellent to severe
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding hyperextension injuries of the carpus in dogs?
- Pan carpal arthrodesis is the preferred treatment in most cases.
- Clinical signs include minimal pain and plantigrade stance.
- This injury results from tearing of the palmar ligaments and fibrocartilage.
- Most of these injuries can be repaired by partial carpal arthrodesis.
- Function of the carpus is nearly normal following repair in many cases.
Pan carpal arthrodesis is the preferred treatment in most cases
The single most important element for management of hip dysplasia is:
weight management
On radiographic assessment of a large breed dog’s stifle joint you see extensive periarticular osteophyte formation along the trochlear ridge of the stifle joint. The osteophytes are most likely secondary to which one of the following conditions?
- avulsion of the long digital extensor tendon
- chronic patellar luxation
- chronic cruciate ligament rupture
- idiopathic arthritis
chronic cruciate ligament rupture
What procedure is shown?
Tarsocrural arthrodesis
Tarsal hyperextension describes damage to the ________
plantar stabilizers
- Trauma
-
Chronic instability/degeneration
- Middle-aged Shelties/Collies predisposed
- Genetic weakness suspected
- May be bilateral
Identify the area of the middle carpal joint:
between first and second row
The most common injury to the canine carpus is:
hyperextension
-
Etiology
- Trauma (fall/jump)
-
Immune-mediated arthropathy
- Disease process tends to damage joint stabilizers
- Corticosteroids also tend to weaken ligaments
T/F: All carpal ligaments are short ligaments
True
They connect adjacent bones only and do not bridge more than one joint
__________ is the most commonly luxated joint
coxofemoral
-
Coxofemoral luxation
-
Usually results from trauma
- Associated with thoracic injury
- Associated with other fractures
- Treat life-threatening injuries FIRST!
-
Usually results from trauma
The medial meniscus is attached exclusively to the _______
tibia
What is this picture demonstrating?
closed reduction of craniodorsally luxated hip
What is the most common type of meniscal tear?
“Bucket Handle” tear
- Longitudinal tear in a portion of the meniscus
- Attached at each end of the tear
- When displaced looks like the handle of a bucket
-
Surgical Management
- Primary repair – not useful
-
Partial meniscectomy (most common)
- Removal of damaged portion
- Minimal change in contact mechanics Risk of postoperative meniscal injury
- Meniscal release
What presentation of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture will you see most commonly?
chronic
-
Chronic
- Progressive degeneration of CCL
- Lower breaking strength results in rupture with normal weightbearing
- CCL “disease” vs. “rupture”
-
Signalment
- Large breeds
- Rottweiler, Newfie, Staffordshire Terrier, Labrador, Mastiff, St. Bernard
- Female > male
- Neutered > intact (retrospective)
What test is being performed in this image?
tibial compression test
- Flexion of hock with stifle held at static angle mimics weightbearing force*
- Any cranial translation results in a positive test result. A positive test result indicates CCL rupture*
T/F: With a caudoventral coxofemoral luxation, the affected limb may appear longer than the non-affected limb when the dog is laid on its side
True
the femoral head is more distal than it normally is, causing the affected limb to be longer than the non-affected limb
The patella is fixed in luxation, the stifle cannot be fully extended, and the patella may be hypoplastic. What is the grade?
Grade IV
Where does OCD most commonly occur in the hock?
medial ridge of the talus
T/F: Male and female dogs are equally susceptible to developing hip dysplasia
True
Which of the following hip procedures would you select for a dog that is 7 months of age, has clinical signs of hip dysplasia, has a positive Ortolani sign, angle of reduction is 25 degrees, and no signs of DJD are seen on radiographs:
- Juvenile Pelvic Symphodesis (JPS)
- Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)
- Total Hip Replacement (THR)
- Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)