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RUSVM Small Animal Surgery I > SASx - Anesthesiology Review > Flashcards

SASx - Anesthesiology Review Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries are used for direct BP investigation in the horse? (Where would you place your catheter)

A

facial artery, lateral metatarsal

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2
Q

What is the normal TPR for a dog?

A

T = 100.4-102.2, P = 60-120, R = 10-30​

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3
Q

What is the most common site to pull a sample for arterial blood-gas analysis in a sheep?

A

median artery

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4
Q

What flow rate is used during induction with a rebreathing system?

A

high flow (50-100 mL/kg/min)

  • Flow rates - rebreathing system
    • Induction: high flow (50-100 mL/kg/min)
    • Maintenance: semi-closed (20-50 mL/kg/min) or low flow (10-20 mL/kg/min)
    • Recovery: high flow (50-100 mL/kg/min)
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5
Q

What does the P wave of an ECG represent?

A

atrial depolarization

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6
Q

What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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7
Q

Adequate perfusion of kidneys & viscera requires a SAP of:

A

greater than or equal to 80 mmHg

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8
Q

Define hypoxemia in terms of SpO2 and PaO2:

A

SpO2 < 90% and/or PaO2 < 60 mmHg

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9
Q

How do you calculate minutes of oxygen you have remaining in your E cylinder?

A
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10
Q

Where do you place a doppler on a donkey?

A

coccygeal artery

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11
Q

What breathing circuit is shown here?

A

Mapleson D

  • Mapleson D is a non-rebreathing system (NRS).*
  • You should always use non-rebreathing systems for patients < 3 kg. Non-rebreathing systems are recommended for patients <10 kg, obese animals, and animals that have trouble breathing*
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12
Q

What breathing circuit is shown here?

A

Mapleson F

  • Mapleson F is a non-rebreathing system (NRS) that does not have a pressure gauge to ensure you’re delivering an adequate breath.*
  • You should always use non-rebreathing systems for patients < 3 kg. Non-rebreathing systems are recommended for patients <10 kg, obese animals, and animals that have trouble breathing*
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13
Q

If your patient’s body temperature is below ____˚F, they are considered hypothermic

A

< 96˚F = hypothermia

Below 94°F anesthetic requirements are reduced, recovery may be prolonged, CV function depressed

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14
Q

What is the normal TPR for a cat?

A

T = 101.3-102.2, P = 120-180, R = 20-40

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15
Q

What is your ECG diagnosis in this 7 month old Labrador Retreiver?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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16
Q

Shown below is a normal capnograph waveform. What is indicated by the red arrow?

A

inspiration

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17
Q

Name 3 monitoring tools that can be used to assess oxygenation:

A
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Arterial Blood Gas – PaO2
  • MM color
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18
Q

What does the QRS complex of an ECG represent?

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

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19
Q

When using doppler for blood pressure measurement, the width of the cuff should be ~_____% circumference of limb

A

30-40%

  • When using doppler for blood pressure measurement, the width of the cuff should be ~30-40% circumference of limb*
  • *Same for all indirect methods**
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20
Q

Identify the arrhythmia.

A

Atrial Flutter

Note the sawtooth pattern on the ECG. This pattern is due to rapid rotary depolarization of the atria

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21
Q

Name 3 monitoring tools for obtaining a patient’s HR:

A
  • Esophageal stethoscope
  • Regular Stethoscope (auscultation)
  • ECG
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22
Q

Where do you place the leads for ECG on a dog?

A
  • White: level of the right elbow
  • Black: level of the left elbow
  • Red: left stifle or abdomen
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23
Q

Minimum FiO2 =

A

35%

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24
Q

Shown below is a normal capnograph waveform. What is indicated by the red arrow?

A

expiratory upstroke

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25
What is the gold standard for measuring oxygen and ventilation in arterial blood?
**blood gas analyzer​**
26
**Doppler** is used for reliable detection of ________ blood pressure
**systolic** *Doppler is unreliable for diastolic pressure!*
27
What is the tank cylinder pressure in E and H oxygen tanks?
**2200 psi**
28
Where do you place the leads for **ECG** on a _horse_?
Large animals (lead I): * White lead: Right jugular furrow * Black lead: Ventral midline under apex of heart * Red lead: Any site remote from the heart
29
What is the main difference between the **Mapleson D** and the **Mapleson F**?
* *The Mapleson D has a pressure gauge.** * The Mapleson F does not.*
30
What arteries are used for **direct BP** investigation in the _dog_? (Where would you place your catheter)
**femoral, dorsal pedal,** palmar digital artery
31
What is the benefit of oscillometric BP measurement over Doppler? What are some limitations?
* _Advantage_**:** * **Oscillometric measures systolic, diastolic, and mean BP** * **​***(Doppler only measures systolic BP)* * Limitations: * Cuff size and movement affect results * Less reliable in small animals * Measurements take longer
32
How do you calculate remaining **oxygen** within an 'E' Cylinder?
33
What is the most common site to pull a sample for arterial blood-gas analysis in a dog?
**Dorsal Pedal Artery** *Other sites include the auricular artery, femoral artery, caudal artery, and lingual artery*
34
Identify the tubing system shown below:
**Universal F** *Universal F is used with a _rebreathing_ system*
35
What does DAP tell you?
**coronary perfusion**
36
What is the equation you use to calculate proper size of rebreathing bag?
**Body weight x Tidal volume x 5** * Normal tidal volume = 10-20 mls/kg
37
What is the normal TPR for a horse?
**T = 99-101, P = 28-44, R = 8-20**
38
What is the minimum flow rate used with **non-rebreathing** systems?
**1 L/min**
39
This waveform on a capnograph is characteristic for:
**Expiratory obstruction**
40
Are these hoses used with a **rebreathing system** or a **non-rebreathing system**?
**REBREATHING** *The hose on top is a Y piece. The one on the bottom is a Universal F*
41
What do you note on this ECG?
**asystole**
42
A pulse oximeter reading of 97.5% corresponds to an oxygen partial pressure of ~\_\_\_\_\_\_ mmHg
A pulse oximeter reading of 97.5% corresponds to an oxygen partial pressure of **_~100 mmHg_**
43
What is this?
**A cat.** *Sitting next to a **_pulse oximeter_*** * *Monitor for both _CV and pulmonary_ systems* * *Gives us % Hgb saturated with O2* * *Monitors can be placed anywhere the patient has mucous membranes (tongue, lips, pinna, toe webs, vulva, prepuce, etc.)*
44
What does the **T wave** of an ECG represent?
**ventricular **_re_**polarization**
45
How many liters of oxygen can fit in an **H cylinder**?
**6600 L**
46
What does the **PR interval** of an ECG represent?
****_de_**polarization of AV node**
47
What the heck is going on with this capnograph?
**cardiac oscillations** *the heart is beating against the lungs*
48
What is the normal TPR for ovine?
**T = 102-104, P = 70-90, R = 12-20​**
49
Identify.
**Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) Valve​ (aka "pop-off valve")** * *Limits pressure buildup within the circuit* * *Close to administer a breath* * *ALWAYS keep open unless delivering manual, controlled or assisted ventilation*
50
What rebreathing hose is most commonly used in **donkey** anesthesia?
**Universal F**
51
Identify the arrhythmia. Note the absence of P waves, random R-R intervals, and normal QRS complexes
**Atrial Fibrillation** * On physical, the heart sounds are chaotic ("like a 5-year-old playing the drums")* * If the animal has normal heart function and normal ventricular rates, they probably do not require treatment!*
52
This waveform on a capnograph is characteristic for:
**rebreathing**
53
**Hy**_po_**ventilation** is defined by PaCO2 \> _____ mmHg
Hy**_po_**ventilation is defined by **PaCO2** **_\>40mmHg_**
54
What information does an **esophageal stethoscope** give you about your patient?
* **Heart sounds** * **Heart Rate** * **Heart Rhythm** * **Respiratory sounds**
55
**Hy**_po_**tension** corresponds to a MAP \<\_\_\_\_mmHg
Hy**_po_**tension corresponds to a MAP **_\< 60mmHg_**
56
What arteries are used for **direct BP** investigation in the _sheep and goat_? (Where would you place your catheter)
**median artery,** auricular
57
What flow rate is typically used with a **non-rebreathing** system?
**200-300 ml/kg/min** * Throughout the entire procedure* * Minimum flow for non-rebreathing = 1 L/min*
58
A pulse oximeter reading of 90% corresponds to an oxygen partial pressure of ~\_\_\_\_\_\_ mmHg
A pulse oximeter reading of 90% corresponds to an oxygen partial pressure of **_~60 mmHg_**
59
5 causes of hypoxemia... go!
1. **​Decreased FiO2** 2. **Hypoventilation** 3. **V/Q mismatch** 4. **Right to left shunt** 5. **DIffusion Impairment**
60
Identify the arrhythmia.
**ventricular fibrillation**
61
What is happening in this patient?
**hy**_po_**ventilation**
62
How does active scavenging differ from passive scavenging?
* Active requires a vacuum collection system with an interface * Passive is accomplished by bulk flow & may involve a charcoal absorption canister
63
Where do you place a doppler on a **sheep**?
**median artery**
64
Shown below is a normal capnograph waveform. What is indicated by the red arrow?
**end-tidal [CO2]**
65
This instrument tells us %Hgb saturated by O2
**Pulse Oximeter** *This monitors both CV & pulmonary systems*
66
What is the normal PaO2 range for **arterial blood** in room air?
**80 - 110 mmHg**
67
What is the normal PaCO2 range for **arterial blood**?
**34-45 mmHg**
68
What is happening in this patient?
**hy**_per_**ventilation**
69
What is normal **tidal volume (VT)** in small animals?
**10-20 mL/kg**
70
How many liters of oxygen can fit in an **E cylinder**?
**660 L**
71
Why do we assess a patient's **pulse**?
It is a subjective measure of adequacy of cardiac output and tissue perfusion
72
What rebreathing hose is most commonly used in sheep anesthesia?
**Y hose**
73
What does MAP tell you?
**organ perfusion**
74
Where do you place a doppler on a **dog/cat**?
**palmar digital artery**

RUSVM Small Animal Surgery I (15 decks)

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