Michelle Exam 2 Flashcards
Scapular fractures are common in (signalment) with what presentation?
Young large breed animals
Acute severe lameness (due to avulsions of the Gleniod tubercle)
Humeral condylar fractures more commonly affect which side and what breed/age?
Lateral
Spaniel breeds, 2 yo
Can you use external coaptation to correct a humeral condylar fracture?
Nope, need Anatomic reduction
- lag screw + anti-rotational wire
- plates for T or Y fractures
What are Monteggia Fractures?
Fracture of the ulna w/ dislocation of the radial head
What Monteggia fracture is most common?
Type I
Distal diaphyseal radius/ulna fracture are most common in what kind of dogs and what is their tx?
Young small breed dogs
Sx is the best tx -> no casting!
What pelvic fractures have the highest priority for surgical stabilization?
Acetabulum, ileal, and sacroiliac luxations
Most common sites for spinal fractures and luxations?
T3-L3 and L4-L7
What is the most sensitive method for overall evaluation of the vertebral column?
CT and MRI
What are the 4 A’s of fracture systemic assessments
Apposition
Alignment
Apparatus
Activity
T/F quadriceps contracture is reversible
False- it’s often irreversible
Common sites for OSA
Prox humerus, distal radius/ulna
Distal femur, prox tibia
“Away from the elbow, towards the knee”
What’s the gold standard for OSA?
Biopsy
T/F micrometastasis are present in most patients @ initial dx
True
Treatment for septic osteoarthritis
Anthology and joint lavage - common - antibiotics won’t work alone, must open up and flush out the joint
What’s the most important element in medical tx of osteoarthritis?
Weight management
OCD etiology
Genetics/heredity
Increased vitamin D/Calcium
Trauma- microtrauma & macrotrauma
OCD presentation (immature and mature)
Immature- inflammatory arthritis
Mature- secondary degenerative dz
Male, lg breed dogs
Most common joints affected with OCD?
Shoulder- caudolateral numeral head
Elbow- medial numeral condyle
Hock- medial or lateral talar ridge
Stifle- medial or lateral femoral condyle
T/F Biceps brachii tendinopathy can be dx’d and tx’s with arthroscopy
True
Treatment for recurrent/peristaltic lameness from biceps brachii tendinopathy?
Intraarticular corticosteroid injection
80% of shoulder instability is ____________
Medial
T/F Shoulder instability responds well to NSAIDs and rest
False
It’s an anatomic problem- not inflammation!
Tx for severe shoulder instability
Medial glen overall ligament reconstruction
Signalment and tx for Infraspinatus Contracture
Active, adult, large or hunting breed dogs. Will be standing with elbow addicted and antibrachium abducted (like they’re holding their paw out for shake to the side)
Tx: teen tony of Infraspinatus tendon
With traumatic shoulder medial luxation the distal limb will be ______
Abducted
With traumatic shoulder lateral luxation the distal limb with be ________________
Adducted
Most common traumatic shoulder luxation side
Medial
Tx for traumatic shoulder luxation (medial and lateral)
Closed reduction
Medial- velpuau sling
Lateral- spica splint
Sx if chronic/recurrent/unstable/accompanying fractures
Congenital Shoulder Luxation signalment, PE, tx
Signalment: small, toy breeds, 3-10 mo
PE: minimal pain, can’t reduce Gleniod
The: Glenoid dysplasia - salvage (best), Gleniod excision
Elbow Dysplasia presentation
Biphasic age distribution- young (pain due to defect in joint surface), old (pain due to OA)
Large and giant breed dogs
Chronic, progressive lameness aggravated by activity
What would you find on PE of UAP?
Pain on extension
What would you find of PE of MCD
Pain on flexion + supination
Characteristic posture for MCD
“Toed out” like a ballet turnout
Proposed etiology for UAP
Radio ulnar incongruity
If anconeal process hasn’t fused by ____ weeks = UAP
24 weeks
Proposed FCP etiology
Microtrauma
OCD etiology
Failure of endochondral ossification due to gender, breed, growth rate, genes, nutrition
Gold standard for dx’ing FCP and OCD
Arthroscopy
Surgical tx for UAP
Fragment excision- not ideal by itself but ok for older dog with DJD
Osteotomy + fixation- more appropriate for dogs w/o OA
Surgical treatment for FCP/OCD?
Arthroscopic treatment is GOLD STANDARD
Treatment for traumatic elbow luxation
Closed reduction -> acute
Open reduction -> concurrent fractures
Salvage -> DJD
Do you maintain the leg in extension or flexion for postop traumatic elbow luxation
Extension
