Michelle Exam 2

Question 1

Scapular fractures are common in (signalment) with what presentation?

Answer 1

Young large breed animals

Acute severe lameness (due to avulsions of the Gleniod tubercle)

Question 2

Humeral condylar fractures more commonly affect which side and what breed/age?

Answer 2

Lateral

Spaniel breeds, 2 yo

Question 3

Can you use external coaptation to correct a humeral condylar fracture?

Answer 3

Nope, need Anatomic reduction

• lag screw + anti-rotational wire
• plates for T or Y fractures

Question 4

What are Monteggia Fractures?

Answer 4

Fracture of the ulna w/ dislocation of the radial head

Question 5

What Monteggia fracture is most common?

Answer 5

Type I

Question 6

Distal diaphyseal radius/ulna fracture are most common in what kind of dogs and what is their tx?

Answer 6

Young small breed dogs

Sx is the best tx -> no casting!

Question 7

What pelvic fractures have the highest priority for surgical stabilization?

Answer 7

Acetabulum, ileal, and sacroiliac luxations

Question 8

Most common sites for spinal fractures and luxations?

Answer 8

T3-L3 and L4-L7

Question 9

What is the most sensitive method for overall evaluation of the vertebral column?

Answer 9

CT and MRI

Question 10

What are the 4 A’s of fracture systemic assessments

Answer 10

Apposition
Alignment
Apparatus
Activity

Question 11

T/F quadriceps contracture is reversible

Answer 11

False- it’s often irreversible

Question 12

Common sites for OSA

Answer 12

Prox humerus, distal radius/ulna
Distal femur, prox tibia
“Away from the elbow, towards the knee”

Question 13

What’s the gold standard for OSA?

Answer 13

Biopsy

Question 14

T/F micrometastasis are present in most patients @ initial dx

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Treatment for septic osteoarthritis

Answer 15

Anthology and joint lavage - common - antibiotics won’t work alone, must open up and flush out the joint

Question 16

What’s the most important element in medical tx of osteoarthritis?

Answer 16

Weight management

Question 17

OCD etiology

Answer 17

Genetics/heredity
Increased vitamin D/Calcium
Trauma- microtrauma & macrotrauma

Question 18

OCD presentation (immature and mature)

Answer 18

Immature- inflammatory arthritis
Mature- secondary degenerative dz
Male, lg breed dogs

Question 19

Most common joints affected with OCD?

Answer 19

Shoulder- caudolateral numeral head
Elbow- medial numeral condyle
Hock- medial or lateral talar ridge
Stifle- medial or lateral femoral condyle

Question 20

T/F Biceps brachii tendinopathy can be dx’d and tx’s with arthroscopy

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Treatment for recurrent/peristaltic lameness from biceps brachii tendinopathy?

Answer 21

Intraarticular corticosteroid injection

Question 22

80% of shoulder instability is ____________

Answer 22

Medial

Question 23

T/F Shoulder instability responds well to NSAIDs and rest

Answer 23

False

It’s an anatomic problem- not inflammation!

Question 24

Tx for severe shoulder instability

Answer 24

Medial glen overall ligament reconstruction

Question 25

Signalment and tx for Infraspinatus Contracture

Answer 25

Active, adult, large or hunting breed dogs. Will be standing with elbow addicted and antibrachium abducted (like they're holding their paw out for shake to the side) Tx: teen tony of Infraspinatus tendon

Question 26

With traumatic shoulder medial luxation the distal limb will be ______

Answer 26

Abducted

Question 27

With traumatic shoulder lateral luxation the distal limb with be ________________

Answer 27

Adducted

Question 28

Most common traumatic shoulder luxation side

Answer 28

Medial

Question 29

Tx for traumatic shoulder luxation (medial and lateral)

Answer 29

Closed reduction Medial- velpuau sling Lateral- spica splint Sx if chronic/recurrent/unstable/accompanying fractures

Question 30

Congenital Shoulder Luxation signalment, PE, tx

Answer 30

Signalment: small, toy breeds, 3-10 mo PE: minimal pain, can't reduce Gleniod The: Glenoid dysplasia - salvage (best), Gleniod excision

Question 31

Elbow Dysplasia presentation

Answer 31

Biphasic age distribution- young (pain due to defect in joint surface), old (pain due to OA) Large and giant breed dogs Chronic, progressive lameness aggravated by activity

Question 32

What would you find on PE of UAP?

Answer 32

Pain on extension

Question 33

What would you find of PE of MCD

Answer 33

Pain on flexion + supination

Question 34

Characteristic posture for MCD

Answer 34

"Toed out" like a ballet turnout

Question 35

Proposed etiology for UAP

Answer 35

Radio ulnar incongruity

Question 36

If anconeal process hasn't fused by ____ weeks = UAP

Answer 36

24 weeks

Question 37

Proposed FCP etiology

Answer 37

Microtrauma

Question 38

OCD etiology

Answer 38

Failure of endochondral ossification due to gender, breed, growth rate, genes, nutrition

Question 39

Gold standard for dx'ing FCP and OCD

Answer 39

Arthroscopy

Question 40

Surgical tx for UAP

Answer 40

Fragment excision- not ideal by itself but ok for older dog with DJD Osteotomy + fixation- more appropriate for dogs w/o OA

Question 41

Surgical treatment for FCP/OCD?

Answer 41

Arthroscopic treatment is GOLD STANDARD

Question 42

Treatment for traumatic elbow luxation

Answer 42

Closed reduction -> acute Open reduction -> concurrent fractures Salvage -> DJD

Question 43

Do you maintain the leg in extension or flexion for postop traumatic elbow luxation

Answer 43

Extension