Saron: Theory Of Flight Flashcards
Calculate Speed of sound
Speed of sound(knots)=39 Times Square root of temp in Kelvin
Kelvin = C+273
Mach number formula
Mach number= TAS/Local speed of sound
Subsonic flight
All airflow over the airframe is lower than Local Speed of Sound (LSS). General rule subsonic is less than Mach .75
Transonic flight
Some airflow lower than Local Speed of Sound (LSS), some higher. Generally between Mach 0.75 and 1.2
Supersonic flight
All airflow is greater than Local Speed of Sound (LSS), generally greater than Mach 1.2
What is Mcrit
The speed a shock wave first forms on an aeroplane
Parasite drag is composed of what 3 components?
Skin friction, Form drag (shape drag), Interference drag ( produced at connections such as fuselage to wing)
Parasite drag depends on
Air density - higher density (low altitude) proportional increase drag
Surface area - larger area proportional increase drag
Velocity - higher speed increase squared drag
Induced drag
By-product of lift
Increases with increased weight (more lift required to fly)
Increases with a decrease in air density
Highest induced drag would be heavy, slow and high.
When is each drag highest?
Induced- low speed, heavy, high and increase with G loading (increases with increased angle of attack)
Parasite- high speed low altitude
Critical angle of attack for most airplanes
16-18 degrees
Hydroplaning formula rotating and not rotating
Not rotating- 7.7 x square root 49
Rotating - 9 x square root 49
What is EAS
Equivalent air speed is the speed of an aircraft fly at sea level in standard atmosphere to have the same dynamic pressure and aerodynamic affects it has at its altitude of flight. In low speed flight and airspeed indicator that has no error would indicate this speed.
What is V1
 V1 is the critical engine failure recognition speed (Decision speed)
What is V2?
V2 is the Air speed it is possible to reach required climb performances in case of engine failure
Shockwave that forms on the upper surface of a wing causes
Temperature increase a pressure increase a lift decrease and buffering on the elevator
Shockwaves associated with high speed flights will first appear near the ______ of a sweepback wing, Causing a _______movement of the airplane
Shock waves associated with high speed flight will first appear near the wing root of a sweep back wing causing a pitch down movement of the airplane.
How can wingtip stalls be controlled?
Washout - wings are twisted so angle of incidence at tip is lower than root
Krueger Flaps - increase wing camber
Leading edge flaps - increase wing camber
What is V3?
V3 is the flap retraction speed
Load factor for 30°, 45°, and 60°
30° equals 1.15
45° equals 1.41
60° equals 2
Maximum range speed formula
Speed for maximum range equals 1.32 times speed for a minimum drag
When viewed from the back which way to wing tip of vertices turn?
Around the left-wing clockwise, around the right wing counterclockwise
What is a disadvantage of a sweepback wing?
Dutch roll -  movement of roll and yaw. Controlled by yaw damp.
Less lift than a straight wing, causing an increase in takeoff and landing speeds. This disadvantage may be reduced with leading or trailing edge Flaps
Longitudinal, lateral and vertical axis
Long-roll
Lat-pitch
Vert-yaw
