Saron: Theory Of Flight

Question 1

Calculate Speed of sound

Answer 1

Speed of sound(knots)=39 Times Square root of temp in Kelvin

Kelvin = C+273

Question 2

Mach number formula

Answer 2

Mach number= TAS/Local speed of sound

Question 3

Subsonic flight

Answer 3

All airflow over the airframe is lower than Local Speed of Sound (LSS). General rule subsonic is less than Mach .75

Question 4

Transonic flight

Answer 4

Some airflow lower than Local Speed of Sound (LSS), some higher. Generally between Mach 0.75 and 1.2

Question 5

Supersonic flight

Answer 5

All airflow is greater than Local Speed of Sound (LSS), generally greater than Mach 1.2

Question 6

What is Mcrit

Answer 6

The speed a shock wave first forms on an aeroplane

Question 7

Parasite drag is composed of what 3 components?

Answer 7

Skin friction, Form drag (shape drag), Interference drag ( produced at connections such as fuselage to wing)

Question 8

Parasite drag depends on

Answer 8

Air density - higher density (low altitude) proportional increase drag
Surface area - larger area proportional increase drag
Velocity - higher speed increase squared drag

Question 9

Induced drag

Answer 9

By-product of lift
Increases with increased weight (more lift required to fly)
Increases with a decrease in air density

Highest induced drag would be heavy, slow and high.

Question 10

When is each drag highest?

Answer 10

Induced- low speed, heavy, high and increase with G loading (increases with increased angle of attack)

Parasite- high speed low altitude

Question 11

Critical angle of attack for most airplanes

Answer 11

16-18 degrees

Question 12

Hydroplaning formula rotating and not rotating

Answer 12

Not rotating- 7.7 x square root 49

Rotating - 9 x square root 49

Question 13

What is EAS

Answer 13

Equivalent air speed is the speed of an aircraft fly at sea level in standard atmosphere to have the same dynamic pressure and aerodynamic affects it has at its altitude of flight. In low speed flight and airspeed indicator that has no error would indicate this speed.

Question 14

What is V1

Answer 14

 V1 is the critical engine failure recognition speed (Decision speed)

Question 15

What is V2?

Answer 15

V2 is the Air speed it is possible to reach required climb performances in case of engine failure

Question 16

Shockwave that forms on the upper surface of a wing causes

Answer 16

Temperature increase a pressure increase a lift decrease and buffering on the elevator

Question 17

Shockwaves associated with high speed flights will first appear near the ______ of a sweepback wing, Causing a _______movement of the airplane

Answer 17

Shock waves associated with high speed flight will first appear near the wing root of a sweep back wing causing a pitch down movement of the airplane.

Question 18

How can wingtip stalls be controlled?

Answer 18

Washout - wings are twisted so angle of incidence at tip is lower than root
Krueger Flaps - increase wing camber
Leading edge flaps - increase wing camber

Question 19

What is V3?

Answer 19

V3 is the flap retraction speed

Question 20

Load factor for 30°, 45°, and 60°

Answer 20

30° equals 1.15
45° equals 1.41
60° equals 2

Question 21

Maximum range speed formula

Answer 21

Speed for maximum range equals 1.32 times speed for a minimum drag

Question 22

When viewed from the back which way to wing tip of vertices turn?

Answer 22

Around the left-wing clockwise, around the right wing counterclockwise

Question 23

What is a disadvantage of a sweepback wing?

Answer 23

Dutch roll -  movement of roll and yaw. Controlled by yaw damp.
Less lift than a straight wing, causing an increase in takeoff and landing speeds. This disadvantage may be reduced with leading or trailing edge Flaps

Question 24

Longitudinal, lateral and vertical axis

Answer 24

Long-roll
Lat-pitch
Vert-yaw

Question 25

How is V1 affected by weight, density altitude, slope of the runway, and the length of the runway

Answer 25

Increases with increased weight density altitude upslope runway headwind component and runway length