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Canadian ATPL > Samra: Meteorology > Flashcards

Samra: Meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

Radiation fog

A

Less than 5 knots, light wind required for mixing.

Generally happens at night as ground cools it cools air in contact, lowering it to dew point

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2
Q

Advection fog

A

Usually winds up to 15 knots

Warm moist air moves over cold surface

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3
Q

Frontal fog

A

Associated with a front, warm rain falls into cold air, then evaporates cooling the cold air and adding moisture.

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4
Q

Arctic sea smoke

A

Cold air moves over warm water

Water evaporates into cold air raising moisture content

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5
Q

Upslope fog

A

Air cools adiabatically as it rises

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6
Q

Microburst

A

Less than 2 nm, less than 5 minutes

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7
Q

Macroburst

A

Greater than 2 nm, between 5-20 min

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8
Q

Metar wind direction is given in

A

Degrees true

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9
Q

When are gusts reported on metars?

A

If gust exceeds wind speed by 5 knots, and is above 15 knots

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10
Q

What altitude does GFA cover

A

Up to 24,000 AGL unless convective cloud rises through

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11
Q

How are upper winds FD’s above 100 knots shown?

A

50 is added to direction

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12
Q

What is a mesocyclone

A

Mesocyclone is vortex of air 2-10 miles in diameter within convective storm. Associated with tornados

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13
Q

Weather radar returns depend on type and concentration of precipitation, and droplet size. Which is most important?

A

Droplet size

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14
Q

What clouds can be associated with mountain wave activity?

A

Rotor clouds - Highest level of turbulence associated with mountain waves between ground level and types of rotor clouds.
Altocumulus standing lenticular
Cap clouds

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15
Q

ISA tropopause conditions

A

36,089’ -56.5 C

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16
Q

Jet streams usually form where?

A

High- Breaks between the polar and tropical tropopause where temp gradients are intensified.

Low- well developed surface lows beneath deep upper trough and lows

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17
Q

When are wind gusts forecast on GFA?

A

Speed at least 20 knots gusting 10 higher.

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18
Q

What does xx indicate on a prog chart?

A

Tops or bottoms are above/below chart limits

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19
Q

Where is the Coriolis affect stronger?

A

Coriolis forces are strongest near the poles.

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20
Q

What is the inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?

A

ITCZ is an area where solar radiation is at its strongest.

It moves south in the winter because the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.

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21
Q

ICAO FL in hPa 850-150

A 
5,000’ - 850 hPa 
10,000’ - 700 hPa 
18,000’ - 500 hPa 
FL340 - 250 hPa 
FL390 - 200 hPa
FL450 - 150 hPa
22
Q

In the northern hemisphere the movement of a mature frontal depression and it’s associated frontal wave will tend to be ________ in relation to the warm sector isobars.

A

Parallel

23
Q

Land breeze blows from?

Sea breeze blows from?

A

Land from land, sea from sea

24
Q

What is aggregation?

A

The growth of snowflakes as they collide together.

25
Q

Low level frontal jet streams are usually located where?

A

Parallel to the cold front in the warm sector of the frontal wave

26
Q

Subsidence dries air by

A

Adiabatic compression

27
Q

GFA:

ISOLD, OCNL, FRQ (convective cloud/weather, vis and obstruction to vision)

A

ISOLD/LCL 25% or less
OCNL/PTCHY greater than 25% up to 50%
FRQ/XTNSV greater than 50%

28
Q

Continuous precip

A

Solid circle with dots inside

29
Q

How does drizzle form?

A

Condensation in stratus clouds

30
Q

Windshear with CAT in jet streams is more intense where associated with mountain ranges?

A

CAT and windshear is most intense above and to the Lee of mountain ranges.

31
Q

Lower level nocturnal jet streams associated with inversions 

A

Strongest near inversions top shortly after midnight and decrease in the morning due daytime heating dissipating the inversion.
During dissipation wind shear moves closer to the ground

32
Q

Winter air masses in North America in winter

A

MP, MA, CA

33
Q

All air masses from north to south in North America

A

CA, CP, MA, MP, MT

34
Q

Obscurations: BR, FG, FU, DU, SA, HZ,

A 
BR Mist greater than 5/8 SM
FG fog less than 5/8 SM
FU smoke greater than or equal to a 6SM
DU dust greater than or equal to 6SM
SA sand greater than or equal to 6SM
HZ Haze greater than or equal to six SM
35
Q

BECMG

A

Changing over time normally a period of 1 to 2 hours but not more than four hours. If used for determining alternate weather getting better at end worse at the beginning.

36
Q

Approach and Passage of a cold front

A

When cold front is approaching the baro pressure decreases once it has passed it rise significantly.

37
Q

What are snow grains?

A

Snow grains or from stratus clouds or fog that appear when super cooled drizzle become freezing drizzle inside a cloud that is below freezing point. Solid equivalent of drizzle.
Snow pellets her when supercooled water a treat on ice crystals or snowflakes.

38
Q

Hook and finger on the radar indicate what?

A

What can finger on the radar indicate hail and turbulence

39
Q

LLJ indicated on a GFA

A

Will be shown if expected to have top speeds of 50 kn or more, are below 6000 feet ASL, but the height is never indicated on the GFA

40
Q

CAT associated with a jet stream will be more extensive on the

A

Low pressure side of the core in the cold air mass

41
Q

When to expect CAT from a jet stream

A

Stronger than 110 kts at the core in the sloping tropopause above the core, in the jet stream front below core(cold) and on low pressure side of front,
Windshear and accompanying CAT more intense above and the lee of mountain ranges,
On charts of standard isobaric surfaces such as 250 mbs, 30 not a saw tax spaced closer than 90 nautical miles indicate horizontal sheer for CAT, normally north(low pressure) Side of jet stream axis, But is possible on the south,
Windshear greater than 5 kn per thousand feet or 5° isotherms are closer together than 2° latitude (120 nautical miles)
When shift areas associated with troughs

42
Q

Jet stream turbulence avoidance

A

If crosswind situation, check temperature. If increasing climb, if decreasing descend, constant temperature climb or descend.

If headwind or tailwind change course if able

43
Q

How long is a SIGMET valid?

A

SIGMET is valid for four hours and may be issued up to four hours prior to the commencement phenomenon,
Volcanic ash and tropical storm SIGMET’s are valid for six hours and may be issued up to 12 hours prior in the corresponding FIR

44
Q

SIGMET frame of reference is based on

A

The FIR

45
Q

What stage of a thunderstorm the anvil tops appear?

A

The dissipating stage

46
Q

Thunderstorm avoidance

A

For severe thunderstorms avoid by at least 20 nautical miles or clear the top by at least 1000 feet for each 10 kts wind speed

47
Q

Sig weather Prognosis charts

A

Issued as high or mid of a charts each being issued four times a day at zero, 6, 12 and 18:00

48
Q

North Atlantic turbulence forecast

A

Are issued to three times a day at 10:30 1715 and 2230, They sure turbulence and jetstream activity as well as types of convective cloud

49
Q

NDB accuracy

A

+ -5° for approach + -10° for navigation on route

50
Q

VOR full scale deflection

A

10° which is 2° per.

Canadian ATPL (14 decks)

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