Sans culottes in radicalisation of Terror 1792-1793 Flashcards
What happened on the Journee of the 20th of August?
-s.c. carried petitions demanding that Louis withdraw his vetoes on federe camps, deportation of refractory priests and the disbanding of his royal guards
-Also declared that Louis reinstate Girondin ministers
-That a republic should be declared
How many s.c. marched on the tuilleries
-8,000 s.c
-Some National Guard
-Cordeliers club - Desmoullins, Danton, Marat, Brissot
Why did the s.c. march on the Tuileries on 20th June 1792?
-long-term discontent with active passive distinction
-war which led to economic discontent- high bread prices
-Louis using his suspensory veto, expelling pro-war Girondin ministers during War
What was the significance of the 20th June 1792 Journee?
-It did not achieve its aims: still some support for Louis
-Assembly issue la patrie en danger on 12th July 1792 and issued that everyone should help in war effort
-Louis acted with dignity and met the s.c. at the gate of the tuieries and wore the revolutionary cockade
-Still significant as it shows the power of the King was diminishing and radical masses were growing
What happened in the 10th August 1792 Journee?
-Began on the 9th as they set up Insurrectionary committee that took over hotel de ville
-March on Tuilleries and commenced 2 hour battle
-Louis was arrested in Temple Prison
How many a) s.c. b) federes c) swiss guards were involved in the 10th August 1792 Journee?
a) 20,000 s.c.
b) 2000 federes
c) 2000- 3000 swiss guards defending the King
How many a) s.c. and federes c) swiss guards were killed/wounded in the 10th August 1792 Journee?
a) nearly 1,0000 s.c killed or wounded
b) 700-8000 swiss guards were massacred and the rest were imprisoned
Why did the s.c. march on the tuilleries on the 10th August 1792?
-war going poorly: July Austrian and Prussians on French border
- wanted fixed prices on all essential goods
-wanted greater equality and democracy
-empowered by 20th June JOurnee, clear leadership and insurrectionary committee created the day before.
What is the significance of the 10th August 1792 Journee?
-First terror of the revolution : real bloodshed
-Louis was imprisoned in Temple Prison and not executed due to his support in provinces
-Provisional Government est.
-Danton was made minister of justice
-1st apparatus of terror was established in 17 August 1792 with the Extraordinary tribunals which gave the right to trial anyone suspicious of counter-rev
What was the September Massacres and when were they?
2-6th of September 1792
-Mass killings of 1200-15000 people suspect of holding counter-rev sympathies
-The killings were to protect patriot families before they went to war
What people were targeted in the September Massacres?
-Refractory priests
-swiss guards
-common criminals
Where did the September Massacres take place?
-started in Paris but spread to the province
-250-300 killed in the conciergerie
Why did the september massacres take place?
-war continuing to go badly: Prussians took Longwy and Verdun (1st Sept.) so last defence until they reach Paris
-Fear of counter rev: 19th August 1792 Lafayette defected to Austrians , royalist uprising in Vendee where 200 were killed
-Political agitators: Danton 30th august 1792 declared house raids for “ill disposed” which led to 3000 imprisonments, Danton and Robespierre utilised violence of the s.c. and Marat stated in L’ami du Peuple that
What was the significance of the September massacres?
-it exacerbated the divide between the Girondin and Jacobin as they blamed the Jacobin for inciting this violence
- it legitimised the use of s.c violence which would be used in the terror but also the first acts of terror occured in this period.
What were sans culottes calling for from the National Convention?
- Price maximums on essential goods
Who were leading the sans culottes in this demand?
-The enrages , led by Jacques Roux
How much had average food prices rose from 1791 to 1793 compared to wage rises?
-food rises = 90%
-wage rises = 80%
When and why was Marat arrested?
-12 April 1793
-was arrested because he blamed Girondins for the problem of france which led to attacks on their printing presses from the 9-10 March 1793
Why was Marat’s trial self-defeating?
-as he had the support of the s.c. (carried him back to convention)
-Was used as propaganda to expel girondins as they attempted to arrest him whilst Jacobin were off as representatives on mission
What happened on 3 May 1793?
-8000 sans culottes surrounded the Convention and demanded price controls
-This demand was accepted by the Jacobin but refused by Girondins
When was the Maximum for Bread and Grain passed?
4th May 1793
On May 26th, who called the sans culottes to rise up in insurrection against the Girondin?
-Robespierre in Jacobin meetings
What happened on the 2 June 1793 Journee?
-Sans culottes stormed the convention and demanded the expulsion of Girondins ministers
How many sans culottes were involved in the 2 June 1793 Journee?
-80,000-100,000
