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PMLS 2 > Sample Preparation and Handling > Flashcards

Sample Preparation and Handling Flashcards

1
Q

It occurs prior to specimen testing and may include variables involving the process of obtaining a specimen.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

A

Pre-examination variable

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2
Q

Also called as Pre-Analytical Error and comprise 46 to 56% of all errors

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

A

Pre-examination errors

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3
Q

This is the process of “correctly matching a patient” to appropriately intended interventions and communicating information about the patient’s identity accurately and reliably throughout the continuum of care.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

A

Patient Identification

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4
Q

Most serious and potentially dangerous pre-examination error.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

A

Patient Identification

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5
Q

A device that is used to apply pressure to a limb or extremity in order to limit – but not stop – the flow of blood.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

A

Tourniquet

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6
Q

The tourniquet should be on arm no longer than 1 minute. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

Pumping Hand/Tight Fist = Increased Lactate. True or False

A

True

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8
Q

After extreme exercise, there will be an increase in Creatinine Kinase (CK), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Bilirubin, Creatinine, and Uric Acid. True or False

A

True

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9
Q

Glucose increases with stress and decreases with exercise. True or False

A

True

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10
Q

Preferred position of patient to prevent hemodilution or hemoconcentration

A

seated/supine

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11
Q

Supine to Sitting/Standing causes vasoconstriction and increase in Proteins, Bun, Lipids, Iron, Calcium. True or False

A

False - Increase in Enzymes, Calcium, Albumin

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12
Q

Sitting to Supine causes hemoconcentration and an increase in Enzymes, Calcium, Albumin. True or False

A

True

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13
Q

Standing to Supine causes a hemodilution and increase in Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol. True or False

A

False - decrease

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14
Q

Prolonged standing may cause an increase in potassium released by muscles. True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Prolonged bed rest decreases albumin or fluid retention. True or False

A

True

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16
Q

Calcium, Cholesterol, Lipids, Drugs, Steroids, Thyroid hormones, and Blood Pressure increases due to a change of posture. True or False

A

True

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17
Q

Phlebotomists should always determine if the patient is fasting by asking the patient. True or False

A

True

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18
Q

Fasting usually means no for 8 to 12 hours. True or False

A

True

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19
Q

Partial tubes can be poured

together. True or False

A

False - it cannot be poured together

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20
Q

Tubes should vary no more than plus or minus 10% in filling. True or False

A

True

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21
Q

All anticoagulant tubes must be mixed by inversion to disperse. True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Diurnal rhythm: Cortisol

A

Higher in morning

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23
Q

Diurnal rhythm: Iron

A

Lower in morning

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24
Q

Diurnal rhythm: ACTH, Renin, Aldosterone, Insulin

A

Higher in the morning, lower at night

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25
Q

Diurnal rhythm: GH, ACP

A

High in afternoon and evening

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26
Q

Diurnal rhythm: T4

A

Increase with exercise

27
Q

Diurnal rhythm: Prolactin

A

Higher at 4 to 8 am and 8 to 10 pm

28
Q

Diurnal rhythm: Calcium

A

Decrease supine and Circannual (increase in summer)

29
Q

Type of collection that increases the chance of hemolysis and clotting of the samples

A

syringe collection

30
Q

Preferred method of collection

A

Evacuated Tube System (ETS)

31
Q

Povidone-iodine/tincture of iodine (Increases potassium, phosphorus, and uric acid level) are only used for Blood Culture Collection. True or False

32
Q

Blood alcohol testing - must be done with a non-alcohol cleaner. True or False

33
Q

The most common factor that varies test results over which the phlebotomist has control

A

order of draw

34
Q

Arm-down position to prevent the anticoagulated blood from flowing back into the needle contaminating the next tube. True or False

35
Q

Tests that require chilling

A

Ammonia, Acid Phosphatas, Catecholamines, Lactic Acid, pH/blood gas

36
Q

Tests that must be maintained at body temperature.

A

Cold Agglutins, Cryoglobulin

37
Q

Tests that must be protected from light

A

Bilirubin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

38
Q

If Amber tubes are not available, you can use aluminum foil to prevent the samples from light. True or False

39
Q

Anticoagulated blood samples must be free from clots. True or False

40
Q

a container in which the sample was collected

A

primary container

41
Q

contains any leakage or breakage of the primary container (Self-Sealing bag/Camping coolers)

A

secondary container

42
Q

most traumatic and needs faster delivery

A

pneumatic tube system

43
Q

The destruction of red blood cells

44
Q

Hemolysis happens because of Vigorous Shaking of Sample, Pulling back on the syringe, Freezing the whole blood, Heat, and The needle is too small. True or False

45
Q

Practice good phlebotomy techniques and Separate serum/plasma before storage prevents hemolysis. True or False

46
Q

When the tourniquet is left on too for too long

A

Hemoconcentration

47
Q

When the lid left off the sample, the water in serum/plasma evaporates - The ratio is off

A

Evaporation

48
Q

caused by the increased amount of triglycerides and non-fasting specimen

49
Q

Also known as Jaundice and It is caused by a build-up of bilirubin

50
Q

Icterus is can be prevented with phlebotomy technique or fasting. True or False

A

False - Icterus cannot be prevented with phlebotomy technique or fasting

51
Q

Clotting of samples indicates an inadequate mixing of tubes, the draw syringe sits too long and slow draw. True or False

52
Q

To prevent clotting of samples, Invert the tube 8-10 times (Do not shake to prevent Hemolysis) and Do not delay filling tubes from the syringe. True or False

53
Q

Bacterial infections are caused by improper phlebotomy or collection technique, inadequate cleaning of venipuncture site, non-sterile supplies, and expired supplies. True or False

54
Q

Chemical contamination is caused by contamination of IV lines, Potassium drip, and Lactated ringers. True or False

55
Q

Chemical contamination can cause various erroneous results. True or False

56
Q

Storage condition for specimen: ambient

A

Room Temperature - 15-25 °C

57
Q

Storage condition for specimen: refrigerated

58
Q

Storage condition for specimen: frozen

A

< or = -20 °C and Ultra low -80 °C

59
Q

The word stat is an abbreviation of the Latin word statim, which has the meaning “instantly/immediately” True or False

60
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid, Other fluids, and Trauma Specimens are samples of STAT specimens. True or False

61
Q

Bilirubin, Vitamin B1 and B2, Porphyrins, Urine Porphobilinogen, Folate needs to be protected from light. True or False

62
Q

Documentation from Specimen collection until final disposal and Any results that can be used in court (Drug test, Blood Alcohol, Rape Kits, Medico-Legal)

A

Chain of Custody

63
Q

Biohazardous agents must be packaged so that PPE is not needed during transport. True or False

64
Q

The specimen must be in the leak-proof primary container and The primary container must be leak-proof (sealed plastic bag). True or False

PMLS 2 (18 decks)

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