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PMLS 2 > Sample Consideration and Special Procedures > Flashcards

Sample Consideration and Special Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

daily variation in blood levels at a particular time of day

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Diurnal

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2
Q

having had nothing to eat for at least 8 to 12 hours

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Fasting

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3
Q

diabetes that develops during pregnancy

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Gestational Diabetes

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4
Q

a hard, red spot that is the result of lymphocytes migrating to the injection area

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Induration

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5
Q

fibrous tumor arising from a cut; results in excessive scar tissue

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Keloid

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6
Q

process of cell destruction; results in nonintact cell structure

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Lyse

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7
Q

a dark, tarry material passed from the neonate’s rectum in the first days after birth until milk- or formula-based stool appears

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Meconium

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8
Q

nothing by mouth

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

NPO

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9
Q

drug level in the blood is collected 15 to 30 minutes after the dosage has been administered or when the highest serum concentration of the drug is expected

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Peak Level (Post-dose)

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10
Q

after a meal

CHOICES:
Peak Level (Post-dose), Meconium, Keloid, Gestational Diabetes, Fasting, Diurnal, Induration, Lyse, NPO, Postprandial
A

Postprandial

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11
Q

condition in which microorganisms (mainly bacteria) are circulating and multiplying in the
patient’s blood

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Septicemia

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12
Q

collection and testing of the blood to evaluate and manage medication therapy effectively and safely

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

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13
Q

the concentration of medication that is effective and not toxic in-patient management

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Therapeutic Range

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14
Q

drug level in the blood is collected when the lowest serum concentration is expected, which is usually 30 minutes before administering the next dose

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Trough Level (Pre-dose)

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15
Q

a whitish raised bump produced by the fluid from an intradermal injection

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Wheal

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16
Q

Usually collected in the morning before breakfast

CHOICES:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Therapeutic Range, Fasting Sample, Wheal, Trough Level (Pre-dose), Septicemia

A

Fasting Sample

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17
Q

the patient can drink water when fasting. True or False

A

True

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18
Q

indicates that the px should

not be given anything to eat or drink

A

NPO or Non-Per Orem

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19
Q

What to do after collecting blood from a fasting patient?

A
  • Inform the nurse that you have just drawn a sample from the patient for the fasting blood work.
  • Do not give hospital patients food or tell them they can eat without first checking with the nurse.
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20
Q

Certain samples must be drawn at precisely timed intervals because of medication or biological rhythms.

A

Timed samples

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21
Q

Drug level inpatient must be maintained within the therapeutic range. True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Pre sample collected when the drug is at the lowest level in the patient

A

Trough level or Predose

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23
Q

The trough is usually drawn 30

minutes before the next dose of the drug is administered. True or False

A

True

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24
Q

The drug is usually administered through an intravenous (IV) injection. True or False

A

True

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25
Q

Once a drug has been completely administered for a specific period, a peak level (postdose) is collected. True or False

A

True

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26
Q

Drug levels in the blood are collected after an hour after the dosage has been administered. True or False

A

False - 15 to 30 minutes

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27
Q

When samples for trough drug levels be collected?

A

Immediately before the next dose is given

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28
Q

Test that exhibits a diurnal effect

A

o Serum iron
o Corticosteroids
o Cortisol

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29
Q

monitored at a particular time of day or a time interval after the dose of a drug.

A

Digoxin

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30
Q

TDM aims to promote optimum drug treatment by maintaining a serum drug concentration within a therapeutic range. True or False

A

True

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31
Q

STAT is about 45 minutes to 1 hour after the sample is received. True or False

A

True

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32
Q

Samples that need to be collected immediately due to the critical state of a patient require the phlebotomist’s immediate attention. True or False

A

True

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33
Q

Often not ordered for emergency reasons but for timing reasons.

A

STAT Samples

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34
Q

Typically available within 2 to 4 hours

A

ASAP requests

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35
Q

Blood alcohol testing must be collected without the use of alcohol to clean the arm. True or False

A

True

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36
Q

A form with the sample indicating the name and signature of each person who has handled the sample prior to testing

A

Chain of custody

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37
Q

Sometimes called trace elements.

A

Heavy metal testing

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38
Q

method of treating disease that draws large amounts of blood from the patient.

A

Therapeutic phlebotomy

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39
Q

type of blood cancer that causes your bone marrow to make too many RBCs

A

Polycythemia vera

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40
Q

The amount of blood taken at one treatment (Therapeutic phlebotomy)

A

500mL

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41
Q

Used to look for abnormalities in blood cells

A

blood smear

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42
Q

A good smear has a feathery edge that is nearly square and a rainbow sheen when reflecting light. True or False

A

True

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43
Q

measures the amount of glucose in your blood.

A

blood glucose test

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44
Q

A blood glucose meter is a small, portable machine that’s used to measure how much glucose (a type of sugar) is in the blood (also known as the blood glucose level). True or False

A

True

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45
Q

A complicated disease that may cause more complications for the patient than just an increased blood glucose level.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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46
Q

once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes

A

TYPE 1 DM

47
Q

High glucose values accompanied by high insulin levels

A

TYPE 2 DM

48
Q

a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin

A

TYPE 1 DM

49
Q

don’t respond to insulin as well as they should and later in the disease often don’t make enough insulin

A

TYPE 2 DM

50
Q

DM seen in younger patients (children and young adults)

A

TYPE 1 DM

51
Q

DM seen in adult patients

A

TYPE 2 DM

52
Q

blood glucose levels are too high, but not high enough to be called diabetes.

A

Prediabetes

53
Q

Used for glucose tolerance test

A

Fasting Glucose

54
Q

Fasting Blood Glucose: Normal fasting glucose

A

70 – 99 mg/dL

55
Q

Fasting Blood Glucose: Prediabetic

A

100 – 125 mg/dL

56
Q

Fasting Blood Glucose: Diabetic

A

Greater or equal to 126 mg/dL

57
Q

Detects borderline diabetes by measuring the patient’s ability to dispose of a large oral intake of glucose.

A

Glucose Tolerance test (GTT)

58
Q

The patient should omit medications that are known to affect glucose tolerance and be on a diet of at least 150 g of carbohydrates for 3 days prior to the test. True or False

A

True

59
Q

Most pregnant women have a glucose screening test between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. True or False

A

True

60
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance

(2 hours after 75g glucose load): Normal

A

Less than 140 mg/dL

61
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance

(2 hours after 75g glucose load): Prediabetic

A

140-200 mg/dL

62
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance

(2 hours after 75g glucose load): Diabetic

A

Greater than 200 mg/dL

63
Q

This test is done to see how

your body responds to sugar and starch after you eat a meal.

A

Postprandial Glucose test

64
Q

Gestational Diabetes Glucose Tolerance (after 100 g glucose load): Fasting

A

96 mg/dL

65
Q

Gestational Diabetes Glucose Tolerance (after 100 g glucose load): 1 hr. after glucose load

A

180 mg/dL

66
Q

Gestational Diabetes Glucose Tolerance (after 100 g glucose load): 2 hrs. after glucose load

A

155 mg/dL

67
Q

Gestational Diabetes Glucose Tolerance (after 100 g glucose load): 3 hrs. after glucose lead

A

140 mg/dL

68
Q

Glucose drink is given to patient containing either 50,

75, or 100 grams of glucose. True or False

A

True

69
Q

Patients finger-stick themselves

and put a drop of blood on a small testing pad. True or False

A

True

70
Q

Testing for glucose in the urine is a standard analyte tested in a urinalysis. True or False

A

True

71
Q

Used to monitor the glucose of a person with diabetes over time. It measures the average blood glucose over the past 2 or 3 months.

A

Hemoglobin A1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)

72
Q

Hemoglobin A1c indication: Normal

A

4 – 5.6%

73
Q

Hemoglobin A1c indication: Prediabetic

A

5.7 – 6.4 %

74
Q

Hemoglobin A1c indication: Diabetic

A

6.5% or higher

75
Q

a sugar that is used in a tolerance test to determine malabsorption and used as an indication of the absorption function of the intestine.

A

D-xylose

76
Q

the time it takes a standardized incision to stop bleeding.

A

Bleeding time

77
Q

Collected whenever it is suspected that a patient has septicemia, a condition in which microorganisms (mainly bacteria) circulate and multiply in the patient’s blood

A

Blood Culture

78
Q

Syringe blood culture

collection: Anaerobic first. True or False

A

True

79
Q

Butterfly blood culture collection: Aerobic first. True or False

A

True

80
Q

Both aerobic bottles and anaerobic bottles must be collected. True or False

A

True

81
Q

The amount of blood needed is 8-10 mL per blood culture bottle with two bottles taken in a set. True or False

A

True

82
Q

PPD injected under the skin to produce wheal (whitish raised bump) under the skin to test the patient for exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis. True or False

A

True

83
Q

Alternative for tuberculin skin test: Quantiferon blood test or T spot blood test. True or False

A

True

84
Q

the most common sample the patient needs to collect.

A

Urine

85
Q

All samples except the 24-hour collection are best collected using the clean-catch midstream urine method. True or False

A

True

86
Q

Most concentrated sample

A

First morning or 8-hour sample

87
Q

Can be collected any time

A

Random sample

88
Q

Sample (analyte) is tested at two specific times

A

Double-voided sample

89
Q

Patient collects urine, then drinks 200mL of water and waits 2 hours (or a specified time) to collect another sample.

A

Double-voided sample

90
Q

Collected at a specific time during a 24-hour period or after a specific activity

A

Timedsample

91
Q

Sample is collected over a 24- hour period to test for diurnal variation

A

24-hour sample

92
Q

In a 24-hour sample, the First-morning sample is discarded, then all urine is saved, including the next first-morning sample. True or False

A

True

93
Q

Patients clean themselves with antiseptic wipes, urinates in the toilet, and then stops, continues to urinate in the collection container.

A

Clean-catch midstream urine

(CCMS) collection

94
Q

Only collected when the voluntarily produce urine patient cannot

A

Catheterized urine collection

95
Q

Usually used as part of a pre-employment physical or in legal sample collections.

A

Chain-of-custody urine

96
Q

The sample is collected from the patient, and the temperature of urine is checked to determine if urine is fresh or not.

A

Chain-of-custody urine

97
Q

The sample is collected midstream into a sterile container. Sample must be cultured within 1 hour of collection and refrigerated or a special preservative container used.

A

Urine culture collection

98
Q

delay of testing may deteriorate chemical and cellular components. True or False

A

True

99
Q 
If testing is delayed for more than 1 hour, special precautions must be taken:
o Refrigeration at 5°C
o Special preservatives tubes:
urine preservative tubes and
transfer straw

True or False

A

True

100
Q

Semen samples are collected to determine the number and activity of sperm contained in the semen. This can be done as part of a fertility study. True or False

A

True

101
Q

Urine cultures are collected in the same manner as a mid-stream urine collection. True or False

A

True

102
Q

The phlebotomist may also collect throat culture or sputum samples for culture. True or False

A

True

103
Q

Nasopharyngeal cultures are cultures of the nasal cavity and pharynx. True or False

A

True

104
Q

A swab is used to collect the sample for a throat culture. True or False

A

True

105
Q

Nasopharyngeal cultures are done with a Dacron or cotton-tipped flexible wire swab. True or False

A

True

106
Q

_________ is the mucus and phlegm that a person will cough out from the lungs, bronchi, or trachea.

A

Sputum

107
Q

mucus is the sample that will need to be tested for infections or types of body cells being expelled during
coughing episodes. True or False

A

False - Sputum

108
Q

Fecal samples are used to help evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. True or False

A

True

109
Q

Evaluation for the presence of occult (hidden) blood (guaiac test) is the most common test completed on feces. True or False

A

True

110
Q

Intestinal parasites and their eggs (ova and parasite [O & P]) can be detected through feces examination. True or False

A

True

111
Q

Special test cards are used for patients to collect feces on the card and the card is then tested in the laboratory. True or False

A

True

112
Q

Chemistry tests for fats and

urobilinogen can be conducted on feces. True or False

A

True

113
Q

A female taking prescription or illegal drugs during gestation may adversely affect neonatal development, resulting in infant mortality or developmental or behavioral problems for neonate. True or False

A

True

114
Q

Early detection of a neonate addicted to drugs can be done through testing either the neonate’s meconium or a section of the neonate’s umbilical cord. True or False

A

True

PMLS 2 (18 decks)

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