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SAM 4 > SAM PQ > Flashcards

SAM PQ Flashcards

1
Q

Which parameter is decreased in DIC?

a. fibrinogen
b. APTT
c. PTT
d. FDP

A

a. fibrinogen

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2
Q

Which parameter is the most specific for DIC?

a. fibrinogen
b. APTT (acvatated partial thromboplastin time)
c. PTT (partial thromboplastin time)
d. FDP (fibrin degradation products)

A

d. FDP (fibrin degradation products)

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3
Q

Which is not a typical symptom in cats in case of a riding thrombus:

a. paralysis of the hindlimbs
b. loud (painful) vocalization
c. dyspnoe
d. loss of femoral pulse

A

c. dyspnoe

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4
Q

When does cardiac dullness occur during percussion of the thorax?

a. thoracic fluid accumulation
b. pneumonia
c. lung tumors
d. enlargement of the heart

A

d. enlargement of the heart

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5
Q

What is the most reliable method of diagnosis for pneumothorax?

a. x-rays
b. physical exam
c. ultrasound
d. thoracoscopy

A

a. x-rays

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6
Q

Electrosurgery. Choose the incorrect statement:

a. In monopolar systems a large surface return electrode should be placed on the patient’s
body.

b. In monopolar systems the return electrode can cause burn wounds in the patient in case of
small contact area.

c. In forceps-like bipolar systems there is no need for a large sized recurrent electrode.

d. The efficiency and safety of monopolar systems is better.

A

d. The efficiency and safety of monopolar systems is better.

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7
Q

in case of PPDH, the dislocation of which abdominal organ is NOT common?

a. spleen
b. omentum
c. liver
d. small intestines

A

a. spleen

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8
Q

What can we conclude from the speed of flow during Doppler echocardiography?

a. the MAP
b. the direction of flow
c. the pressure difference between the heart chambers
d. the character of flow (laminal or turbulent)

A

c. the pressure difference between the heart chambers

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9
Q

Which part of the stomach is usually dislocated in case of sliding (axial) hiatal hernia?

a. cardia
b. fundus
c. corpus
d. antrum pylori

A

a. cardia

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10
Q

What lesions are expected in severe endocardosis?

a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension

A

c. left heart distension

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11
Q

What lesions are expected in severe dilated cardiomyopathy?

a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension

A

c. left heart distension

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12
Q

What lesion is expected in severe pulmonary stenosis?

a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension

A

b. right ventricular hypertrophy

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13
Q

What lesions are expected in severe aortic stenosis?

a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension

A

a. left ventricular hypertrophy

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14
Q

Which one is a congenital pericardial disease?

a. PPDH
b. PPHD
c. PHPD
d. PDHP

A

a. PPDH

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15
Q

Which step is incorrect in a patient suffering from ventricular arrhythmia after ECG:

a. blood analysis, abdominal US
b. c-troponin-I measurement
c. digoxin administration
d. echocardiography

A

a. blood analysis, abdominal US

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16
Q

Which organ is the source of MDF in shock?

a. liver
b. lung
c. GI tract
d. pancreas

A

d. pancreas

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17
Q

What treatment should be given to a dog with B2 level mitral endocardosis?

a. ACE-I
b. pimobendan
c. furosemide
d. none of the above

A

b. pimobendan

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18
Q

Choose the incorrect answer:

a. during surgical scrubbing, the hands should be higher than the elbow.

b. during autoclave all pathogen microbes are destroyed, but non-pathogenic microbes can
remain on the surface of instruments.

c. the sterile instruments of which the packages are soaked should not be used.

d. in the surgery room, a sterile person should not let their hand hang lower than the opera=ng
table

A

b. during autoclave all pathogen microbes are destroyed, but non-pathogenic microbes can
remain on the surface of instruments.

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19
Q

Which is not part of the pathological remodeling of the heart?

a. MHC receptor forma=on on the membranes of myocardial cells

b. the macroscopic transformation of the heart (dilation, hypertrophy)

c. change of the myocardial cell function (contractility, arrhythmias)

d. change in the myocardial cell connections

A

d. change in the myocardial cell connections

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20
Q

For which disease is “heart palpation” obtusio cordis specific?

a. pulmonary oedema
b. pulmonary fibrosis
c. something space consuming in the chest
d. fluid accumulation in thorax

A

c. something space consuming in the chest

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21
Q

After physical and auxiliary examinations we diagnose mitral endocardosis, but the typical symptoms are not present yet. Which stage can we put the patient in?

a. AHA-A
b. AHA-B
c. AHA-C
d. AHA-D

A

b. AHA-B

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22
Q

Pimobendan is:

a. an ACE-inhibitor
b. Ca channel sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor
c. bipyridine-derivate
d. Ca channel sensitizer and alpha-adrenergic blocker

A

b. Ca channel sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor

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23
Q

Basic therapy for endocardosis with typical symptoms present:

a. furosemide, potassium, pimobendan

b. furosemide, spironolactone, digoxin

c. ACE-I, bronchodilators

d. furosemide, ACE-I

A

a. furosemide, potassium, pimobendan

24
Q

Which congenital heart disease has a specific continuous „machinery” heart murmur as a symptom?

a. pulmonic stenosis
b. ventricular septal defect
c. tetralogy of fallot
d. PDA

A

d. PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus)

25
Q

What is the common „shock organ” in horses and dogs?

a. liver
b. lung
c. GI tract
d. pancreas

A

c. GI tract

26
Q

Which corticosteroid is recommended in shock?

a. methylprednisolone sodium succinate
b. prednisolone sodium succinate
c. dexamethasone
d. corticosteroids are not recommended in shock

A

d. corticosteroids are not recommended in shock

27
Q

which type (localisation) is typical for perineal hernia in female dogs?

a. lateral
b. dorsal
c. ventral
d. perineal hernia does not happen in females

A

c. ventral

28
Q

The herniation/strangulation of which organ causes acute symptoms in case of perineal hernia?

a. small intestine
b. large intestine
c. uterus
d. bladder

A

d. bladder

29
Q

Which macrocyclic lactone do we use in our university clinic in complex therapy for dogs with HWD?

a. selamectin
b. ivermectin
c. moxidectin
d. milbemycin-oxime

A

c. moxidectin

30
Q

Which is the common „shock organ” in horses and cats?

a. liver
b. lungs
c. small intestine
d. pancreas

A

b. lungs

31
Q

The most common color code meaning in color Doppler echocardiography:

a. red: bloodflow towards the transducer; blue: bloodflow away from the transducer

b. blue: bloodflow towards the transducer; red: bloodflow away from the transducer

c. blue: venous bloodflow; red: arterial bloodflow

d. blue: decreasing speed bloodflow; red: increasing speed bloodflow

A

a. red: bloodflow towards the transducer; blue: bloodflow away from the transducer

32
Q

Typical for PRAA:

a. abnormal development of ductus Botalli

b. the permeable aspect of ductus Botalli

c. abnormal development of the aortic arch

d. abnormal development of the subclavicular artery

A

c. abnormal development of the aortic arch

33
Q

Which congenital heart disease is more common in female dogs?

a. pulmonic stenosis
b. ventricular septal defect
c. Fallot-tetralogy
d. PDA

A

d. PDA

34
Q

In which stage of HWD can ascites happen in dogs?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 2 and 3
d. in none

A

b. 3

35
Q

Which is the wrong answer? If we increase the preload, …

a. it increases the contractility of the heart
b. we can induce stagnancy
c. the heart dilates
d. the cardiac performance will decrease

A

b. we can induce stagnancy

36
Q

Choose the wrong answer: in the progression of cardiac failure, a role is aaributed to:

a. chronic activation of the RAAS and the sympathic nervous system

b. cardiac acetylcholine receptor numbers and function altered (down regulation)

c. inflammatory mediators and free radicals

d. insufficient oxygen and energy supply of the cardiomyocytes despite of the increased
demand

A

b. cardiac acetylcholine receptor numbers and function altered (down regulation)

37
Q

Which mode can be used for real-time 2d visualization of the structure of the myocardium?

a. B-mode
b. color Doppler
c. M-mode
d. spectral Doppler

A

c. M-mode

38
Q

What diagnostic tests are needed for HWD screening?

a. only modified Kno; test
b. only antigen test
c. both
d. neither

A

c. both

39
Q

What drug should be given for a B1 stage mitral endocardosis canine patient?

a. ACE-I
b. pimobendan
c. furosemide
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

40
Q

What CANNOT be determined by color Doppler ultrasound?

a. the presence of bloodflow
b. the direction of bloodflow
c. the speed of bloodflow
d. the character of bloodflow (laminal or turbulent)

A

d. the character of bloodflow (laminal or turbulent)

41
Q

Suture techniques. Choose the incorrect answer!

a. according to the number of layers can be single layer or multiple layer

b. according to apposition can be „layer to layer”, inward turning and relaxing

c. something about interrupted and continuous

d. regardless of the suture type, the knots need to be placed on the suture line

A

d. regardless of the suture type, the knots need to be placed on the suture line

42
Q

ECG is mostly recommended when:

a. a dog brought in for vaccines has a 200 bpm heart rate

b. a dog that suffered an accident has a 200 bpm heart rate

c. a dog brought in with 40,8 C temperature has a 180 bpm heart rate

d. a dog brought in for chip placement has a 160 bpm heart rate

A

a. a dog brought in for vaccines has a 200 bpm heart rate

43
Q

ECG is mostly recommended when:

a. a cat brought in for vaccines has a 150 bpm heart rate

b. a cat that suffered an accident has a 200 bpm heart rate

c. a cat brought in with 40,2 C temperature has a 190 bpm heart rate

d. a cat brought in for flea treatment has a 120 bpm heart rate

A

d. a cat brought in for flea treatment has a 120 bpm heart rate

44
Q

Suture materials. Choose the incorrect answer! but these are all correct

a. the size of the suture material is given either in metric unit (e.g. 1 – European Pharmacopoea) or in USP unit (5-0, United States Pharmacopoea)

b. catgut is a natural resorbable suture material

c. polyglicolic acid, polyglac=n and polidioxanone are synthe=c and absorbable

d. polyester, polyamide and polypropylene are synthe=c and nonabsorbable

A

a. the size of the suture material is given either in metric unit (e.g. 1 – European Pharmacopoea) or in USP unit (5-0, United States Pharmacopoea)

45
Q

How can you differentiate a ventricular extrasystole from a supraventricular one on ECG?

a. ventricular extrasystole is followed by a compensated pause

b. a supraventricular extrasystole is always normal width

c. the p wave is always visible before the QRS complex in supraventricular extrasystole

d. the p wave is never visible before the QRS complex supraventricular extrasystole

A

a. ventricular extrasystole is followed by a compensated pause

46
Q

Knot tying techniques. Choose the wrong answers! (multiple options)

a. in surgery a knot is considered to be at least two opposite direction half-knots positioned on
one another

b. in case of synthetic monofilament suture materials less knots (3-4), in case of multifilament more knots (5-6) are needed for a safe tie

c. we can do a one-handed, a two-handed or an instrument tie

d. for larger vessel and tissue pack ties using an instrument tie is safer.

A

b. in case of synthetic monofilament suture materials less knots (3-4), in case of multifilament more knots (5-6) are needed for a safe tie

47
Q

A typical symptom of haemopericardium in dogs is:

a. strong pulse
b. systolic murmur
c. reddened mucosas
d. distant heart sounds

A

d. distant heart sounds

48
Q

Choose the correct answer:

a. during scrubbing in, in the skin of the forearm some bullshit about the number of cells

b. the back of the surgical gown is considered sterile after putting it on

c. if the sterile gloves break, it is always necessary to redo the scrubbing

d. the efficiency of the scrubbing is primarily determined by the contact time, not the
strength of scrubbing.

A

d. the efficiency of the scrubbing is primarily determined by the contact time, not the
strength of scrubbing.

49
Q

Which of the following drugs has no afterload decreasing effect?

a. amlodipine
b. pimobendan
c. digoxin
d. hydralazine

A

c. digoxin

increase contractibility

50
Q

The most common heart disease in dogs is:

a. mitral endocardosis
b. dilated cardiomyopathy
c. subvalvular aorta stenosis (SAS)
d. PDA

A

a. mitral endocardosis

51
Q

The most common heart disease in cats is:

a. mitral endocardosis
b. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
c. subvalvular aorta stenosis (SAS)
d. PDA

A

b. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

52
Q

The most common heart disease in cats is:

a. ARVC
b. DCM
c. HCM
d. RCM

A

c. HCM

53
Q

Which surgical method is the most recommended for diaphragmatic hernia correction?

a. laparotomy
b. lateral thoracotomy
c. laparatomy + lateral thoracotomy
d. sternotomy

A

a. laparotomy

54
Q

Which drug does not have a significant diuretic effect in small animals?

a. furosemide
b. torasemide
c. spironolactone
d. chlorothiazide

A

c. spironolactone

55
Q

Can diaphragmatic hernia be diagnosed by ultrasound?
a. yes
b. no
c. maybe
d. never

A

a. yes

SAM 4 (16 decks)

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