Salivary Glands Flashcards by Bethany Matthews

Name the three types of oral muscosa

lining mucosa
masticatory mucosa
specialised mucosa

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oral mucosa consists of

stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria of dense CT
Submucosa of loose CT

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Masticatory mucosa

covers hard palate and the gingiva para

epithelium is keratinized or parakeratinized

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Linng mucosa

inside lips, lining buccal surfaces, covering soft palate and lining floor of mouth and inferior surface of tongue

epithelium is not keratinized

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is the dorsum of the tongue keratinized or nonkeratinized ?

keratinized

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Is the vermillion of the border of the lips keratinized or nonkeratinized?

keratinized

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Hard palate

Transitional region between keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium

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Tongue

Extrinsic skeletal muscles - insert into tongue
Intrinsic skeletal muscles- longitudinal, transverse, and vertical plane

Dorsal surface > keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Four types of Papillae

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate

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Filiform

conical shape, no taste buds

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Fungiform

blunt

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Foliate

slit-like on margin of tongue

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Circumvallate

large dome shaped
clefts surrounding them
Taste buds found at margins of papillae facing the clefts

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Functions of Saliva

Protection:
> liquid flushes away non-adherent bacteria, debris
> Mucins provide lubrication for oral tissue to move over one another

Buffering:
> bicarbonate protects teeth from bacterial acids

Tooth Integrity:
>High levels of calcium and phosphate help enamel to mature and increase hardness and resistance to demineralisation

Antimicrobial Activity
> Mucins provide a barrier number of proteins have antibacterial properties; immunoglobulins agglutinate bacteria

Digestion
>Fluid and mucin components aid in formation and swallowing of food bolus enzymes such as amylase begin process of breaking down food.

Taste
> Saliva helps solubilize food so that it can interact with taste receptors

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what are the three major salivary glands?

> parotid
sublingual glands
submandibular glands

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where are the three major salivary glands found?

Inside oral cavity, have an extensive duct system which delivers saliva to mouth

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Where are the minor salivary glands found?

In oral mucosa, located in the submucosa with short ducts that open onto mucosal surface

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Where does the parotid gland emerge from

anterior border, passes over masseter and pierces buccinators emptying into oral cavity on a papilla opposite the upper second molar tooth

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what is embedded in the Parotid gland?

External carotid artery
Retromandibula vein
Facial nerve

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Parotid gland - Preganglionic

glossopharyngeal- lesser petrosal nerve - otic ganglion

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Parotid gland - Postganglionic

otic ganglion - auriculotemporal nerve - parotid gland

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Submandibular Gland emerges from where?

deep part of gland and passes forward to terminate on sublingual caruncle near the base of the lingual frenum

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Which artery grooves the superficial part of the gland?

Facial artery

Preganglionic - Submandibular Gland

Facial nerve - chorda tympani - lingual nerve - submandibular ganglion

Postganglionic - Submandibular Gland

Submandibular ganglion- Submandibular gland

What shape is the Sublingual Gland

Almond Shape

Where does the anterior part of the sublingual gland drain?

via single duct that joins the submandibular duct

Where does the posterior part of the sublingual gland drain?

via several small ducts that end on the sublingual fold

What is the parasympathetic innervation for the sublingual gland?

Same as submandibular gland

two main structures of salivary glands

stroma and parenchyma

Stroma of salivary gland

tough connective tissue capsule with septa of CT that passes inwards and subdivides gland into lobes, which in turn are subdivided into lobules Blood, nerves and major ducts travel in these septa

Parenchyma

compound tubule-acinar glands | secretory elements consist of serous acini, mucous acini and mixed acini, although type present depends upon the gland

type of secretion of salivary gland

merocine secretion

Merocrine secretion

occurs by exocytosis when membrane surrounding secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their contents to the extracellular space

classification of Exocrine cells falls into two categories

Duct Morphology and Arrangement of secretory cells

Duct Morphology

simple- duct is unbranched | Compound- has branching duct system

Arrangement of secretory cells

Tubuloacinar - secretory tubules or tubules ending in acini

classification of salivary gland

compound tubuloacinar gland

Name two secretory elements of salivary glands

Serous or mucous

serous

secrete thin watery secretion contain proteins Not ultrafiltrate of blood is produced via active secretion

Mucous

secrete mucin consists of protein core and sugar residues viscous, sticky secretions

cells of serous acini

wedge shaped - prominent nucleus, granular appearance , extensive REr

Cells of Mucous acinar

found in tubular element large no of prominent secretory granules in cytoplasm granules appear large in routine method

cells of serous in mixed acinar salivary glands (submandibular)

cresent shape > serous demilune

Myoepithelial cells

specialized for contraction | forms a network around groups of secretory cells and when they contract help expel secretions from gland

Major salivary gland flow-

acinus empties into an intercalated duct (cuboidal cells) empties into striated duct (columnar)

striated duct cell pump system

Na+ ions out of saliva in duct - against concentration gradient - hense lots of mitrochondria Pump K+ and HCO3- into saliva This results in hypotonic saliva

striated ducts empty into

collecting /excretory ducts which are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

which stains the most intensly, serous cells or mucous

serous cells

types of secretion in parotid

all serous

types of secretion in submandibular

mainly serous, some mucous

types of secretion in sublingual

mainly mucous, some serous

where are minor salivary glands absent from?

gingiva and anterior part of hard palate

what types of secretion are minor salivary glands predominately?

mucous

Von Ebner glands

entirely serous | associated with circumvallate and foliate papillae