Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the functions of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

1. Production of spermatozoa
2. Delivery of semen into the female reproductive tract
3. Production of androgens, chiefly testosterone

Question 2

Three layers of the scrotum

Answer 2

1. Mesothelium
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Tunica vasculosa

Question 3

What are the testis covered in?

Answer 3

Tough fibrous capsule - called Tunica albuginea

Question 4

What does the Tunica vasculosa do?

Answer 4

Sends septa into the testis to divide it into 250-300 lobules

Question 5

What is found in the lobule?

Answer 5

1-3 seminiferous tubules

Question 6

What connects the loop of ST

Answer 6

Connected at each end by straight tubules (tubuli recti) to a network of channels called rete testis

Question 7

Rete testis carriers sperm out of the testes to the ..?

Answer 7

Efferent Ductules

Question 8

What happens in the epididymis?

Answer 8

Sperm mature and are temporarily stored

Question 9

Epididymis is continuous with what?

Answer 9

Ductus Deferens (vas deferens)

Question 10

Role of Ductus Deferens

Answer 10

Convey sperm away from the scrotum along spermatic cord during ejaculation

Question 11

What lines the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 11

Seminiferous epithelium

Question 12

What cells do the seminiferous tubules contain?

Answer 12

Various germ cells and support cells called Sertoli cells

Question 13

What is found in the connective tissue area between seminiferous tubules?

Answer 13

Leydig cells

Question 14

What type of cells are Leydig cells and what do they produce?

Answer 14

Endocrine cells and they produce the hormone testosterone

Question 15

Definition of Spermatogenesis

Answer 15

Process of proliferation and maturation that transforms diploid spermatogonia into haploid spermatozoa

Takes 70 days

Question 16

Type A spermatogonia divide mitotically to form ?

Answer 16

Type B spermatogonia

Question 17

Type B spermatogonia divide mitotically to form ?

Answer 17

Primary spermatocytes

Question 18

What stage do primary spermatocytes pass through to form secondary spermatocytes?

Answer 18

Meiosis 1

Question 19

What do secondary spermatocytes undergo and what do they produce?

Answer 19

Meiosis 2 to produce spermatids

Question 20

What is the process which spermatids undergo to produce spermatozoa ?

Answer 20

Spermiogenesis

Question 21

How long does meiosis I take ?

Answer 21

Slow process- 3 weeks

Question 22

How long does meiosis II take?

Answer 22

Rapid - less than 1 day

Question 23

What are sertoli cells?

Answer 23

Support cells within seminiferous tubules. They are very important in supporting newly developing spermatozoa and controlling how process proceeds

Question 24

Functions of seroli cells

Answer 24

1. secrete factors that regulate spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
2. Secret factors that control Leydig cells
3. Secrete tubular fluid
4. Phagocytose discarded spermatid cytoplasm
5. Via tight junctions, divide the tubule epithelium into two compartments

Question 25

What does the Adluminal compartment contain ?

Answer 25

All other developing cells

Question 26

What does the Basal compartment contain?

Answer 26

Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

Question 27

What is the part between the basal and adluminal compartment referred to as?

Answer 27

The blood- testis barrier

Question 28

Spermiogenesis definition

Answer 28

Maturation of the spermatid into a spermatozoa

Question 29

Key steps in spermiogenesis

Answer 29

1. Production of acrosomal cap, beginning at the acrosomal vesicle. Has enzyme which allows access through Corona radiata and zona pellucida during fertilization. 2. Elongation of nucleus Elongation of one of the centrioles to form the flagellum 3. Release of excess cytoplasm (called a residue body) which is phagocytosed by the seroli cell.

Question 30

What is the release of the spermatozoa by the Sertoli cells into the lumen called?

Answer 30

Spermiation

Question 31

When do spermatozoa become capable of swimming and of fertilization?

Answer 31

During their passage through the epididymis

Question 32

Leydig cells info

Answer 32

Abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum band respond to LH from pituitary by producing testosterone. The testosterone acts locally on seminiferous tubules and also enters the circulation.

Question 33

What are tubuli recti lined with

Answer 33

Sertoli cells

Question 34

What is the rete testis lined with?

Answer 34

Simple cuboidal epithelium that is ciliated

Question 35

What are the efferent ducts lined with?

Answer 35

Ciliated epithelium which varies from cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar Surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 36

Where is most of the fluid from the testis absorbed ?

Answer 36

Efferent ducts

Question 37

Epididymis info

Answer 37

Highly coiled , lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia, ensheathed by smooth muscle cells . Sperm stored here for about 1 week - mature become motile and capable of fertilization

Question 38

What is stereocilia

Answer 38

Giant microvilli

Question 39

Ductus deferens info

Answer 39

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia Fluted profile of lumen allows expansion during ejaculation Surrounded by a lamina propria and 3 coats of smooth muscle