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Histology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Production of spermatozoa
  2. Delivery of semen into the female reproductive tract
  3. Production of androgens, chiefly testosterone
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2
Q

Three layers of the scrotum

A
  1. Mesothelium
  2. Tunica albuginea
  3. Tunica vasculosa
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3
Q

What are the testis covered in?

A

Tough fibrous capsule - called Tunica albuginea

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4
Q

What does the Tunica vasculosa do?

A

Sends septa into the testis to divide it into 250-300 lobules

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5
Q

What is found in the lobule?

A

1-3 seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

What connects the loop of ST

A

Connected at each end by straight tubules (tubuli recti) to a network of channels called rete testis

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7
Q

Rete testis carriers sperm out of the testes to the ..?

A

Efferent Ductules

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8
Q

What happens in the epididymis?

A

Sperm mature and are temporarily stored

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9
Q

Epididymis is continuous with what?

A

Ductus Deferens (vas deferens)

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10
Q

Role of Ductus Deferens

A

Convey sperm away from the scrotum along spermatic cord during ejaculation

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11
Q

What lines the seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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12
Q

What cells do the seminiferous tubules contain?

A

Various germ cells and support cells called Sertoli cells

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13
Q

What is found in the connective tissue area between seminiferous tubules?

A

Leydig cells

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14
Q

What type of cells are Leydig cells and what do they produce?

A

Endocrine cells and they produce the hormone testosterone

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15
Q

Definition of Spermatogenesis

A

Process of proliferation and maturation that transforms diploid spermatogonia into haploid spermatozoa

Takes 70 days

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16
Q

Type A spermatogonia divide mitotically to form ?

A

Type B spermatogonia

17
Q

Type B spermatogonia divide mitotically to form ?

A

Primary spermatocytes

18
Q

What stage do primary spermatocytes pass through to form secondary spermatocytes?

A

Meiosis 1

19
Q

What do secondary spermatocytes undergo and what do they produce?

A

Meiosis 2 to produce spermatids

20
Q

What is the process which spermatids undergo to produce spermatozoa ?

A

Spermiogenesis

21
Q

How long does meiosis I take ?

A

Slow process- 3 weeks

22
Q

How long does meiosis II take?

A

Rapid - less than 1 day

23
Q

What are sertoli cells?

A

Support cells within seminiferous tubules. They are very important in supporting newly developing spermatozoa and controlling how process proceeds

24
Q

Functions of seroli cells

A
  1. secrete factors that regulate spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
  2. Secret factors that control Leydig cells
  3. Secrete tubular fluid
  4. Phagocytose discarded spermatid cytoplasm
  5. Via tight junctions, divide the tubule epithelium into two compartments
25
Q

What does the Adluminal compartment contain ?

A

All other developing cells

26
Q

What does the Basal compartment contain?

A

Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

27
Q

What is the part between the basal and adluminal compartment referred to as?

A

The blood- testis barrier

28
Q

Spermiogenesis definition

A

Maturation of the spermatid into a spermatozoa

29
Q

Key steps in spermiogenesis

A
  1. Production of acrosomal cap, beginning at the acrosomal vesicle. Has enzyme which allows access through Corona radiata and zona pellucida during fertilization.
  2. Elongation of nucleus
    Elongation of one of the centrioles to form the flagellum
  3. Release of excess cytoplasm (called a residue body) which is phagocytosed by the seroli cell.
30
Q

What is the release of the spermatozoa by the Sertoli cells into the lumen called?

A

Spermiation

31
Q

When do spermatozoa become capable of swimming and of fertilization?

A

During their passage through the epididymis

32
Q

Leydig cells info

A

Abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum band respond to LH from pituitary by producing testosterone. The testosterone acts locally on seminiferous tubules and also enters the circulation.

33
Q

What are tubuli recti lined with

A

Sertoli cells

34
Q

What is the rete testis lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium that is ciliated

35
Q

What are the efferent ducts lined with?

A

Ciliated epithelium which varies from cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar

Surrounded by smooth muscle

36
Q

Where is most of the fluid from the testis absorbed ?

A

Efferent ducts

37
Q

Epididymis info

A

Highly coiled , lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia, ensheathed by smooth muscle cells .

Sperm stored here for about 1 week - mature become motile and capable of fertilization

38
Q

What is stereocilia

A

Giant microvilli

39
Q

Ductus deferens info

A

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Fluted profile of lumen allows expansion during ejaculation

Surrounded by a lamina propria and 3 coats of smooth muscle

Histology (10 decks)

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