Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major exocrine salivary glands?

A

1) Parotid
2) Submandibular
3) Sublingual

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2
Q

What gland produces the most secretion?

A

sub mandibular

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3
Q

what gland produces the least secretion?

A

Sub lingual

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4
Q

What is submandibular secretion?

A

Serous-Mucin

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5
Q

What is Parotid secretion

A

Serous

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6
Q

What is Sub lingual secretion?

A

Mucin

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7
Q

Where is primary secretion?

A

In acini by acinar cells

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8
Q

Where does secretion pass?

A

Acinus> intercalated ducts> striated ducts>excretory duct

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9
Q

What is primary secreted saliva?

A

watery, inorganic ions and enzymes - similar to plasma

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10
Q

how do Columnar cells modify primary to Secondary secretion?

A

in striated duct it’s modified via secretion/absorption

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11
Q

What is around acini?

A

layer of smooth muscle made from myoepithelial cells

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12
Q

What does smooth muscle around acini do?

A

alter flow rate to help secretion of saliva via contraction/relaxation

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13
Q

Are K+ and HCO3- concs. higher in Saliva than plasma?

A

YES

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14
Q

Are Na+ and Cl- concs. lower in Saliva than plasma?

A

yes

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15
Q

What are reabsorbed from striated duct?

A

Na+ and Cl-

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16
Q

What are secreted into lumen of striated duct?

A

K+ and HCO3-

17
Q

What does striated ductal epithelium have?

A

Low permeability to water so more ions reabsorbed

18
Q

What is secondary secretion?

A

Hypotonic

19
Q

What is primary secretion?

A

Isotonic

20
Q

What cells allow transport?

A

Columnar cell

21
Q

How do Na+ cells enter columnar cell from lumen via Apical membrane?

A

via Na+ channel and Na/H exchanger

22
Q

what is the apical membrane?

A

layer of plasma membrane towards lumen

23
Q

How does Na+ exit columnar cell via Basolateral membrane?

A

Via Na/K pump, 3 Na removed and 2K pump in

24
Q

How does Cl- enter columnar cell via apical membrane

A

via Cl/HC03- exchanger

25
Q

How does HCO3- secretion out of columnar cell occur?

A

Via apical CL/HC03- exchanger into lumen

26
Q

How does columnar cell uptake K+?

A

Na/K pump at basolateral membrane

27
Q

How does K+ secrete into lumen?

A

Apical K-H exchanger

28
Q

Evidence for 2 stage secretion ?

A

Acinar micropuncture
Poly-lysine injection- stop 2ndary reabsorp. so saliva is primary fluid now
flow rate curves

29
Q

What stimulates flow rate change?

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

What happens at low flow rates?

A

more time for secondary ductal modification

31
Q

What happens at high flow rates?

A

less time so composition reaches primary secretion

32
Q

How is Salivary secretion controlled and increased?

A

ANS- parasymp. and Sympathetic

33
Q

How does parasympathetic increase saliva secretion?

A

Acetylcholine - contract myoepithelial cells around acinus

34
Q

What does release of VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) do?

A

vasodilation so inc. blood flow to Salivary glands

35
Q

What do all salivary glands have ?

A

acinar cells

36
Q

What do striated epithelium ducts have?

A

columnar cells for transport

37
Q

How does Sympathetic increase saliva secretion?

A

Adrenaline/noradrenaline- contraction of myoepithelial

38
Q

What do Na+ depleted animals have?

A

Increased Aldosterone- Na+ retention

39
Q

What stimulates ductal transport?

A

Mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone