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SALIVA > Organic components of Saliva > Flashcards

Organic components of Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

Does parotid have higher protein secretions. than sublingual ?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Is protein saliva content lower than found in plasma?

A

yes

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3
Q

What are saliva protein properties?

A
  • Lubrication
  • Antimicrobial
  • Enzymes
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4
Q

What are salivary mucins?

A

glycoproteins that contain 0- & N- linked sugars

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5
Q

What are O-linkages?

A

O-acetylgalactosamine

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6
Q

What are N-linkages?

A

N-acetylglucosamine

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7
Q

What do O linked sugars attach to?

A

serine and threonine amino acids

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8
Q

What do N linked sugars attach to?

A

Asparagine amino acid

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9
Q

what are carbohydrates attached in N-type linkage?

A

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

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10
Q

What does attachment of Sialic acid on salivary mucins do?

A

confer negative charge so extend structure of protein

- repulsion between charges between folds in chain

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11
Q

How are mucin oligomers formed?

A

cysteine residue form covalent cross links vis -SH group

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12
Q

What are 2 types of mucin secreted by saliva?

A

MG1- High molecular weight mucin

MG2-Low molecular weight mucin

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13
Q

What does MG1 do?

A

form complexes w/ salivary proteins

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14
Q

What does MG2 do?

A

bind to oral streptococci

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15
Q

What are salivary proteins?

A

Amylase
Proline rich proteins
Statherin
Histatins

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16
Q

What salivary mucins do ?

A
  • lubrication
  • speech/swallow
  • barrier to harmful microbes
  • bind to teeth
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17
Q

What is Statherin?

A

small protein that inhibits calcification of HAP

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18
Q

What does high conc. of mineral ions mean?

A

calculus (calcified tar/plaque)

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19
Q

what can calculus lead to?

A

blocked salivary duct

periodontal disease

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20
Q

How does statherin work?

A

Bind to HAP so HAP cant bind to Ca

21
Q

What produces statherin?

A

acinar cells

22
Q

What are Proline rich proteins?

A

reduces HAP growth and is component of pellicle

23
Q

What mainly secretes PRPs?

A

Submandibular secretion

24
Q

What do PRPs prevent?

A

pathogens by binding to mineral to stimulate harmless microorg. colonisation instead of pathogens

25
Q

What do statherins and PRPs role in?

A

unwanted mineral deposition and growth

26
Q

What are Histatins?

A

defence peptides rich in Histidine amino acid

27
Q

Why do histatins have a buffering capacity?

A

pKa of side chains= neutral

28
Q

What are functions of Histatins?

A
  • Active against S.Mutans (caries)
  • Bind to Ca so no calcification of HAP
  • on pellicle
29
Q

What are immunoglobins?

A

proteins for body defence against pathogens

30
Q

What is main Immunoglobin in saliva?

A

SigA,

31
Q

What is SigA

A

IgA differentiates via secretory component

32
Q

What happens when Immunoglobins bind to antigens?

A

agglutination so easier for bacteria to be swallowed

33
Q

What is salivary amylase dependant on?

A

Calcium

34
Q

What is amylase activated by?

A

Chloride ions

35
Q

What gland secretes amylase?

A

Parotid

36
Q

What does amylase do?

A

digest Carb. via hydrolysis of 1,4 glycosidic bond to form maltose disaccharides

37
Q

What can’t amylase break down?

A

sucrose or polysaccharides w/ other glycosidic links

38
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

Muramidase enzyme

39
Q

What is a muramidase enzyme?

A

originate from striated duct of salivary gland

40
Q

What does lysozyme do?

A

hydrolysis of 1,4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic and N-acetylglucosamine in bacteria cell wall

41
Q

What bacteria cells does lysozyme target?

A

Bacteria tagged with SigA

42
Q

What can lysozyme be found?

A

HAP and found in pellicle

43
Q

What does Salivary Peroxidase enzyme do?

A

catalyse H202 + thiocyanate to form antibacterial 0SCN-

44
Q

What does lactoferrin antibacterial protein do?

A

binds to Fe3+ so bacteria can’t use

45
Q

What do Cystatins do?

A

inhibit bacterial proteases so protect soft tissue of mouth

46
Q

Where can cystatins be found?

A

Pellicle and Bound to HAP

47
Q

What are pH rising factors?

A

Urea

Tetrapeptide Sialin

48
Q

how do factors rise pH?

A

microorg. in plaque metabolise urea and sialin to produce ammonia so neutralise plaque acid

SALIVA (7 decks)

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