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SALIVA > Biochemistry of Saliva > Flashcards

Biochemistry of Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

what determines Ph of oral environment?

A

Protons

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2
Q

When do salivary proteins precipitate onto tooth?

A

When pH = their isoelectric point

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3
Q

What drives dissolution of HAP leading to caries?

A

protons

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4
Q

what happens after Carb intake?

A

pH of plaque fall from neutral to 4.5

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5
Q

Why does pH fall after carb intake?

A

fermentation of carb. by plaque so organic acids

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6
Q

What is the critical pH?

A

below 5.5 where HP dissolves

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7
Q

How is Plaque pH restored to neutral?

A

Salivary buffering

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8
Q

What is remineralization?

A

new mineral precipitated when above critical pH

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9
Q

What does Urea do?

A

increase pH via conversion to ammonia

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10
Q

What does high saliva flow rate do?

A

increase Bicarbonate conc. so inc. buffering capacity so high pH1

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11
Q

Where are Bicarbonate ion buffers produced?

A

striated epithelium of secretory duct & parotid gland

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12
Q

What does Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase do?

A

forms Carbonic acid (H2C03) from h20 & C02

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13
Q

where is carbonic anhydrase present?

A

made in serous acinar cells in parotid and submandibular glands

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14
Q

Where is Bicarbonate ions derived from?

A

metabolic activities of salivary glands & plasma

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15
Q

When does carbonic acid conc. increase?

A

with increased salivary flow

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16
Q

What does Na ion counter?

A

Bicarbonate ion

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17
Q

What does Potassium ion counter?

A

Phosphate ion

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18
Q

When do sodium concentrations increase?

A

with increased salivary flow

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19
Q

What is Potassium concentration in saliva?

A

CONSTANT

20
Q

How is sodium pumped out of primary salivary fluid?

A

passes via acini of salivary gland via Na/K pumps

21
Q

What are sources of Magnesium ions in Saliva?

A

Cell degradation

caries attack

22
Q

What happens to Magnesium con. as flow rate increases?

A

Mg ions decrease

23
Q

What secretes Ca2+ ions?

A

Major salivary gland

24
Q

What are calcium ions needed for?

A
  • remineralisation

- prevent mineral dissolution

25
Q

What do calcium form complexes with?

A

Ca-binding salivary proteins

26
Q

What does increased flow rate do to Calcium conc?

A

Ca concentration constant

27
Q

What is parotid secretion of Ca compared to submandibular ?

A

Half the secretion

28
Q

What happens to protein conc. as salivary flow rate increases to more than 1mL/min?

A

protein increases

29
Q

Why is below 1mL/min, the protein conc. more variable?

A

proteins can bind to calcium

30
Q

What do Phosphate ions act as?

A

Buffers

31
Q

Role of Phosphate ions?

A

inhibit dissolution and bring about repair to mineral

32
Q

What happens to inorganic Phosphate ion as flow rate increases?

A

DECREASES

33
Q

Why does phosphate decrease with increased salivary flow rate?

A

Phosphate added to fluid via ducts

34
Q

What does increased flow rate mean for PO43-

A

less time for phosphate to be added

35
Q

What is HAP/

A

most stable Ca/ (P04)3- SALT

36
Q

When does HAP precipitate?/

A

when solubility product is exceeded

37
Q

what does really low conc. of Ca/PO43- mean?

A

dissolution

38
Q

what does really High conc. of Ca/PO43- mean?

A

Dental calculus + salivary gland stones

39
Q

What happens to phosphate group when pH falls?

A

increase protonation so form Calc.Phos salts of greater solubility so demineralization

40
Q

When does caries occur?

A

when demineralisation rate exceed mineralisation rate

41
Q

Where is Fluoride ion concentration high?

A

In plaque than saliva

42
Q

What does fluoride replace in HAP ?

A

OH in crystal lattice structure

43
Q

what does fluoride do to HAP?

A

Reprecipitates it and More stable and inhibits acid dissolution

44
Q

what picks up fluoride from saliva?

A

porous enamel and dentine

45
Q

What is fluoride amount in saliva?

A

small at 0.001-0.005 millimolar

46
Q

What are inorganic components of Saliva?

A 
Bicarbonate
Na
K
Mg
Ca
P043- (orthophosphate)
HAP
Fluoride

SALIVA (7 decks)

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