Safety and Quality Management Flashcards by JD Dela Cruz

Types of Hazards (7)

Biological Hazards
Sharp Hazards
Radioactive Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Fire Hazards
Physical Hazards

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Potentially harmful microorganisms. These microorganisms are frequently present in the specimen received in the clinical lab

Biological Hazard

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Transmission of microorganisms Essential in preventing the spread
of infection

Chain of Infection

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Chain of Infection. - Requires a continuous link between

Source
Mode of Transmission
Susceptible Host

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6 Components (Chain of Infection)

Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Exit portal
Mode of Transmission
Entry Portal
Susceptible Host

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pathogen that causes
infection

Infectious Agent

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Infectious Agent Examples

bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses

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the place where the
infectious agent can
live and possibly multiply

Reservoir

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Reservoir Examples

contaminated clinical
specimen or an infected
patient

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the way to exit the
reservoir to
continue the chain of
infection

Exit portal

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Exit portal Examples

mucous membranes of the reservoir’s nose, mouth, and eyes, blood or other body fluids

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once the infectious agent
has left the reservoir, it
must have a way to reach a
susceptible hos

Mode of
Transmission

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Mode of Transmission. Examples

Direct Contact
Airborne
Droplet
Vehicle
Vector

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the unprotected host touches the patient, specimen, or a contaminated object

Direct contact

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the host inhales dried aerosol particles circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles

Airborne

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the host inhales infected aerosol droplets from the reservoir(e.g. aerosol droplets from a patient or an uncapped centrifuge tube, or when specimens are aliquoted or spilled)

Droplet

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the host ingests a contaminated substance (e.g., food, water, specimen)

Vehicle

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from an animal or insect bite

Vector

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after the infectious agent
has been transmitted to a
new reservoir, it must have
a means to enter the
reservoir

Entry portal

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Entry portal example

mucous membranes of the reservoir’s nose, mouth, and eyes, blood or other body fluids

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can be another patient
during invasive procedures, visitors, and health-care
personnel when exposed to
infectious specimens

Susceptible host

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Susceptible host example

immunocompromised patients, newborns and infants, and the elderly

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Standard Precaution example

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hand Hygiene

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-gloves, fluid-resistant gowns, eye and face shields, countertop
shields

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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- includes both hand washing and the use of alcohol-based antiseptic cleansers

Hand Hygiene

is the primary method of infection transmission

hand contact

is the BEST WAY to break the chain of infection

hand washing

Hand washing procedure #3. Rub to form a lather, create ____, and loosen debris

friction

In hand washing, thoroughly clean between your fingers and under your fingernails for at least ___ seconds

15-20 seconds

In hand washing, rinse your hands in a ____ position to prevent recontamination of your hands and wrists.

downward

last step in handwashing

Turn off the faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination

All biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate leak-proof containers labeled with the ______ symbol.

biohazard

The accepted “BIOHAZARD” label is

fluorescent orange

Discard urine by pouring it into a laboratory sink, avoid splashing, and then flush with ____

water

Empty urine containers can be discarded as _____ waste.

non biologically hazardous

Disinfection of the sink using a _____ should be performed daily

1:10 sodium hypochlorite

Disinfection of the sink using a 1:10 sodium hypochlorite should be performed

daily

A 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is prepared by adding ___ part of sodium hypochlorite to ___ parts of water

1 part of sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water

A 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is preparedbyadding1part of sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water is effective for how many months

1month

In patient care equipment, Ensure that single-use items are ____ properly

discarded

Sharp objects in the laboratory, including needles, lancets, and broken glassware are what type of hazard

Sharp hazards

All sharp objects must be dis posed in ___ with the biohazard symbol.

Puncture-proof/resistant containers

When procedures using radioisotopes are performed

Radioactive Hazards

The best method of radioactive waste disposal is to store the used radioactive material in a locked, marked room until the background count is down to _____ for radioiodine

10 half- lives

Every chemical in the workplace should be presumed to be hazardous.

Chemical Hazards

Chemical Spills- BEST FIRST AID: flush the area with amounts of water for at least ___ then seek medical attention.

15 minutes

- For alkali or acid burns in the eye, wash out eye thoroughly with ___ for 15 minutes

running water

(DO or DO NOT?) NEUTRALIZE CHEMICALS that come in contact with the skin

DO NOT NEUTRALIZE CHEMICALS that come in contact with the skin.

Acid spills on floors can be neutralized and then soaked up with

wet rags or spill pillows

In Chemical Handling, ALWAYS ADD ___ TO WATER.

Acid

DO NOT OPERATE equipment with wet hands. All electrical equipment is grounded in a 3-pronged plug to avoid electric shock

Electrical Hazards

Flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and _____ away from heat sources.

explosion proof refrigerators

hazard that is work-related and include strain due to repeated positions

Ergonomic hazards

hazards due to extremely low temperatures

Cryogenic hazards

hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers and glass wares

Mechanical hazards

improper removal of rubber stopper from test tubes may produce aerosols

Centrifuge accidents

COR in specific hazard in the HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFCATION from NFPA means?

Corrosive

Uses numbers from 0 to 4 to classify hazard severity, with4representing extremely hazardous

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFCATION

what number is the color yellow and its classification in the Hazardous Materials Classification?

1- Reactivity

what number is the color blue and its classification in the Hazardous Materials Classification?

3- Health Hazard

what number is the color red and its classification in the Hazardous Materials Classification?

2- Fire hazard

what is the color white in the Hazardous Materials Classification?

Specific Hazard

What fire type ? if extinguishing materials are Ordinary combustibles: Paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic, wood

Class A

What fire type ? if extinguishing materials are Flammable liquids: Alcohol, ether, grease, gasoline, paints, oil?

Class B

What fire type ? if extinguishing materials are Electrical equipment and motor switches

Class C

What fire type ? if extinguishing materials are Flammable metals: Mercury, magnesium, sodium, lithium

Class D

What fire type ? if extinguishing material is Detonation (Arsenal fire)

Class E

What fire type ? if extinguishing materials are Cooking media: Grease, oils, fats

Class K

Type of extinguisher is Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire. What fire type?

Class K

All purpose type of extinguisher

Dry chemical

When fire is discovered?

Rescue Alarm Contain Evacuate

To operate fire extinguisher?

Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep

- create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability, and preparedness for new health threats

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

assures safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

provides the guidelines for writing these procedures and policies.

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

a document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)