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AUBF > FECALYSIS > Flashcards

FECALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

contains bacteria, cellulose, undigested foodstuffs, GI secretions, bile pigments, cells from the intestinal walls, electrolytes, and water

A

Feces

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2
Q

Feces contains __% of water and __% solids

A

75% water, 25% solids

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3
Q

approximately ___ to ___ g of feces is excreted in a 24-hour period

A

100 to 200g

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4
Q

the odor of feces is due to the presence of ___ and ___

A

indole and skatole

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5
Q

examination of feces

A

Fecalysis

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6
Q

specimen collection of feces. what type of container

A

plastic or glass container with screw-tops

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7
Q

fecal pigment

A

stercobilin

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8
Q

normal feces color

A

brown

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9
Q

upper GI bleeding, iron, charcoal, bismuth. what color?

A

Black (melena) black, tarry stool

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10
Q

lower GI bleeding, beets, food coloring, rifampin

A

Red

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11
Q

bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate, what color?

A

Pale yellow, white, gray

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12
Q

Biliverdin, oral antibiotics, green vegetables. what color?

A

Green

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13
Q

Prussian blue, grape soda. what color?

A

Blue

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14
Q

Porphyria. what color?

A

Violet/Purple

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15
Q

Bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders, steatorrhea. What color/appearance?

A

Bulky/Frothy

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16
Q

Cystic fibrosis. What color/appearance?

A

Butter-like

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17
Q

Colistis, dysentry, malignancy, constipation. What color/appearance?

A

Mucus-streaked, blood-streaked

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18
Q

Intestinal obstruction or constriction. What color/appearance?

A

Slender, Ribbon/Noodle-like

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19
Q

Cholera. What color/appearance?

A

Rice watery

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20
Q

Typhoid. What color/appearance?

A

Pea soup

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21
Q

Constipation (goat droppings). What color/appearance?

A

hard/scybalous

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22
Q

Bristol stool chat, Healthy stool type number

A

three and four

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23
Q

Bristol Stool Chart. normal stool, most optimum number

A

number four

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24
Q

increased fats in stool

A

Steatorrhea

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25
Q

(Steatorrhea) increased fats in stool is how many grams/day

A

> 6g/day

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26
Q

microscopic examination of feces for fat globules is what test

A

screening test

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27
Q

definitive test in microscopic examination of stool

A

fecal fat determination

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28
Q

Qualitative Fecal Fat Test. 2 stains

A
  1. Neutral Fat Stain (Triglycerides)
  2. Split Fat stain (Fatty acids)
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29
Q

In neutral fat stain, >60 droplets/hpf means

A

Steatorrhea

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30
Q

Neutral fat stain. Stool suspension + __ % ethanol + ______

A

Stool suspension + 95% ethanol + sudan III

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31
Q

Split fat stain is Emulsified stool + __% acetic acid + ____

A

Emulsified stool + 36% acetic acid + sudan

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32
Q

Split fat stain. Normal

A

<100 droplets (<4 um)

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33
Q

Split fat stain. Slightly increases

A

<100 droplets (1-8 um)

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34
Q

Split fat stain. Increased

A

100 droplets (6-75 um)

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35
Q

Quantitative Fecal Fat Test

A

Van de Kamer Titration

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36
Q
  • gold standard for fecal fat determination
  • for definitive diagnosis of steatorrhea
  • titration with NAOH
A

Van de Kamer Titration

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37
Q

Van de Kamer Titration. Sample should be how many days

A

3 days (72 hours)

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38
Q

Van de Kamer Titration. Normal value

A

1-6g fats/day

39
Q

Van de Kamer Titration. Steatorrhea

A

> 6g fats/day

40
Q

abnormal excretion of muscle fibers in feces

A

Creatorrhea

41
Q

1st stool of newborns is called

A

Meconium

42
Q

blood in stool is called

A

hematochezia

43
Q

Muscle fibers. Completely digested = ?

A

No striations

44
Q

Muscle fibers. Partially digested = ?

A

Striations in one direction

45
Q

Muscle fibers. Undigested = ?

A

Striations in both direction

46
Q

Abnormal: ____ undigested muscle fibers

A

> 10 undigested muscle fiber

47
Q

Abnormal: >10 undigested muscle fiber. Symptoms of

A

Biliary obstruction
Cystic fibrosis

48
Q

Fecal leukocyte. _____ = Invasive condition

A

> 3 neutrophils/HPF

49
Q

Diarrhea with WBCs=

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, enteroinvasive E. coli. , Campylobacter

50
Q

Diarrhea without WBCs =

A

Toxin producing (S. aureus, V. cholerae), virus, parasite

51
Q

How to determine fecal leukocyte

A

Wet preparation
Dried preparation
Lactoferrin latex agglutination test

52
Q

Fecal Leukocyte. Wet preparation = stool + ____

A

Loeffler’s methylene blue

53
Q

Fecal Leukocyte. Dried preparation = stool = ___

A

Wright’s or Gram stain

54
Q

most frequently performed in fecal analysis

A

Fecal Occult Blood Test

55
Q

Fecal Occult Blood Test is a screening test for

A

colorectal cancer

56
Q

FOBT sample:

A

center portion of stool

57
Q

FOBT. Significant :

A

> 2.5 mL blood/150g stool

58
Q

FOBT. Principle:

A

pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin (Hgb)

59
Q

FOBT. Chromogens

A

Benzidine, Guaiac, O-tuluidine

60
Q

Chromogens most sensitive

A

Benzidine

61
Q

Chromogens most preferred/commonly used

A

Guaiac

62
Q

Feces constistency

A

formed
semi-formed
soft
watery

63
Q

false positive. avoid for 3 days

A

red meat
melon
broccolli
cauliflower
horseradish
turnip

64
Q

false positive. avoid for 7 days

A

Aspirin
NSAIDs other than paracetamol

65
Q

False negative. avoid for 3 days

A

Vitamin C
Iron supplements containing vitamin C

66
Q

Apt Test (Apt-Downey Test). Pink solution

A

fetal bloos

67
Q

Apt Test. Yellow-brown supernatant

A

maternal blood

68
Q

bloody stool and vomitus are sometimes seen in neonates as a result of swallowing maternal blood during delivery

A

Apt test (Apt-Downey Test)

69
Q

Detects pancreatic enzyme called trypsin

A

X-ray film test (Gelatin test)

70
Q

X-ray film test clearing of film means

A

(+) trypsin

71
Q

X-ray film test no clearing of film means

A

(-) trypsin

72
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is the absence of

A

trypsin

73
Q

Most valuable in assessing cases of infant diarrhea (ex. lactose intolerance)

A

Fecal carbohydrates

74
Q

in fecal carbohydrates, Clinitest of >0.5g/dL means

A

carbohydrate intolerance

75
Q

normal stool pH

A

7.0-8.0 (alkaline)

76
Q

stool pH in CHO disorders

A

<5.5 pH

77
Q

Fecal Carbohydrates. Determination

A
  1. Clinitest
  2. Fecal pH
78
Q

Immunoassay using an ELISA test

A

Elastase-1

79
Q

Sensitive indicator of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

Elastase-1

80
Q

pentose that is absorbed without the help of pancreatic enzymes and is not metabolized.

A

D-xylose

81
Q

This test differentiated malabsorption and maldigestion

A

D-xylose test

82
Q

D-xylose test. Spx= 2-hour PP blood and ___ hr urine

A

5-hr urine

83
Q

low urine D-xylose means

A

malabsorption

84
Q

normal urine D-xylose

A

maldigestion

85
Q

increase in daily stool weight >200g/day, increased liquidity of stools, and frequency of more than three times per day

A

Diarrhea

86
Q

acute diarrhea = ____ wks

A

<4 wks

87
Q

chronic diarrhea = ___ wks

A

> 4 wks (1month)

88
Q

increased secretion of water and electrolytes which overide the reabsorptive ability of the large intestine

A

Secretory Diarrhea

89
Q

Types of Diarrhea

A
  1. Secretory Diarrhea
  2. Osmotic Diarrhea
  3. Altered Motility
90
Q

Retention water and electrolytes in the large intestine due to incomplete breakdown or reabsorption of food

A
91
Q

enhanced (hypermotility) or slow (constipation) motility

A

Altered motility

92
Q

Causes: maldigestion, malabsorption, disaccharidase deficiency (lactose intolerance), laxatives, antacids, amoebiasis, antibiotics

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

93
Q

Causes: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Rapid Gastric emptying (RGE), dumping syndrome

A

Altered motility

94
Q

causes: bacterial, viral, protozoan infections, drugs, laxatives, hormones, inflammatory bowel disease, endocrine disorders, neoplasms, collagen vascular disease

A

Secretory Diarrhea

AUBF (8 decks)

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