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AUBF > Physical Examination of Urine > Flashcards

Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Urine Volume: Normal Range (24hrs)

A

600-2,000 mL

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2
Q

Urine Volume: Average (24hrs)

A

1,200-1,500 mL

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3
Q

Urine Volume: Night urine output

A

<400 mL

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4
Q

Urine Volume: Day : Night Ratio

A

2-3:1

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5
Q

Urine Volume: Container Capacity

A

50 mL

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6
Q

Urine Volume: Required for routine UA (Average= ?)

A

10-15mL (Average:12 mL)

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7
Q

increased urine volume
->2,000 mL/24 hrs (in adults)
-2.5-3.0 mL/kg/day (children)

A

Polyuria

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8
Q

Polyuria in adults

A

->2,000 mL/24 hrs

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9
Q

Polyuria on children

A

2.5-3.0 mL/kg/day

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10
Q

causes of polyuria

A

-increased fluid intake
-diuretics, nervousness

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11
Q

Diabetes mellitus = ↑ glucose and ↑ ___

A

Specific Gravity

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12
Q

Diabetes Insipidus = ↑ water and ↓ ___

A

SG

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13
Q

decreased urine volume

A

Oliguria

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14
Q

Oliguria causes

A

-dehydration
-renal diseases
-renal calculi or tumor

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15
Q

Oliguria in adults

A

<400 mL/day

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16
Q

Oliguria in infants

A

<1 mL/kg/hr

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17
Q

Oliguria in children

A

<0.5 mL/kg/hr

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

complete cessation of urine
flow

A

Anuria

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20
Q

Anuria = ___ mL/24 hrs

A

<100 mL/24 hrs

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21
Q

Anuria Causes

A

-complete obstruction(stones, tumors)
-toxic agents
-decreased renal blood flow

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22
Q

-excretion of >500 mL of urine
at night

A

Nocturia

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23
Q

Nocturia causes

A
  • pregnancy
    -renal diseases, bladderstones
    -prostate enlargement
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24
Q

any increase in urine excretion

A

Diuresis

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25
Q

causes of Diuresis

A

-excessive water intake(polydipsia)
-diuretic therapy, hormonal imbalance
-renal dysfunction, drug ingestion

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26
Q

rough indicator of the degree of hydration
should correlate with urine S.G.

A

Urine color

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27
Q

high fluid intake, color?

A

pale yellow urine

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28
Q

low fluid intake, color?

A

dark yellow urine

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29
Q

Urine pigments

A

Urochrome
Uroerythrin
Urobilin

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30
Q

Major urine pigment (yellow)

A

Urochrome

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31
Q

Urine pigment, pink/red

A

Uroerythrin

32
Q

Urine pigment, dark yellow/orange brown

A

Urobilin

33
Q

Cause: Recent fluid consumption
Color: ?

A

Colorless

34
Q

Cause: Polyuria, Dilute random specimen
Color: ?

A

Pale Yellow

35
Q

Cause: Normal
Color: ?

A

Yellow

36
Q

Cause: Concentrated specimen, First morning specimen, Excessive urobilin, bilirubin, carotene
Color: ?

A

Dark yellow/amber

37
Q

Cause: Bilirubin (yellow foam) = ______
Color: Orange/Orange-yellow

A

tea-colored urine

38
Q

Cause: ____ : orange and viscous with yellow foam
Color: Orange/Orange-yellow

A

Phenazopyridine

39
Q

Cause: _____ (no yellow foam)
Color: Orange/Orange-yellow

A

Urobilin

40
Q

Cause: Biliverdin
Color: ?

A

Yellow-green

41
Q

Cause: Pseudomonas infection, asparagus, B vitamins, ______
Color: Green

A

phenol

42
Q

Cause: Chloryphyll Clorets, Phenol, Indican, ______ (Familial hypercalcemia, Hartnup disease)
Color: Blue-green

A

Blue diaper syndrome

43
Q

Cause: RBCs = ____/____
Color: Pink/Red

A

Red= cloudy/smokey red

44
Q

Cause: Hemoglobin = ____
Color: Pink/Red

A

Clear red

45
Q

Cause: Myoglobin = ___
Color: Pink/Red

A

Clear Red/Red Brown/Colo Colored

46
Q

Cause: Porphyrin
Color: ____

A

Burgundy/Purplish-red, Portwine

47
Q

Cause: Indican (______ or ____ infection)
Color: Purple

A

Klebsiella or Providencia infection

48
Q

Cause: Metheglobin (acidic urine), Homogentisic acid (alkaline urine): Alkapotuniria, Melanin, Cola-colored= fava beans, rhubarb, or aloe
Color: _____

A

Brown/Black

49
Q

Cause: ___
Color: Milky white

A

Pyuria/leukocyturia

50
Q

is a general term that refers to the transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen

A

Clarity

51
Q

How to determine urine clarity?

A
  1. Mix the specimen thoroughly
  2. Examine the specimen in front of a light source
  3. View through a newspaper print
52
Q

Clarity: ____
Equivalent term: No visible particulates; transparent

A

Clear

53
Q

Clarity: ____
Equivalent term: Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

Hazy

54
Q

Clarity: ____
Equivalent term: Many particulates, rpint blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

55
Q

Clarity: ____
Equivalent term: Print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

56
Q

Clarity: ____
Equivalent term: May precipitate or be clotted

A

Milky

57
Q

Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

Non-Pathologic
Pathologic

58
Q

Causes of Urine Turbidity: Squamous epithelial cells, Amorphous urates, Amorphous phosphates and Carbonates

A

Non-Pathologic

59
Q

Causes of Urine Turbidity: Vaginal cream, semen, fecal contamination, radiographic contrast media, talcum powder

A

Non-Pathologic

60
Q

Causes of Urine Turbidity: RBCs, WBCs, Bacteria, Yeasts

A

Pathologic

61
Q

Causes of Urine Turbidity: Non squamous epithelial cells, abnormal crystals, lymph fluid (chyluria), lipids

A

Pathologic

62
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Normal

A

Aromatic, Fragrant (Faint)

63
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Acute Tubular Necrosis (acute renal failure)

A

Odorless

64
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: UTI, old urine

A

Foul, Pungent

65
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

A

Caramelized sugar, Curry, Maple syrup

66
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Mousy, Musty, Barny

67
Q

Urine Odor: Rancid Butter
Cause: ______

A

Tyrosinemia

68
Q

Urine Odor: ____
Cause: Isovaleric acidemia, Glutaric acidemia

A

Sweaty feet, Acrid

69
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Phenol-containing medications

A

Menthol-like

70
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Specimen adulteration or Container contamination

A

Bleach

71
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Methionine Malabsorption (Oasthouse disease)

A

Cabbage, Hops

72
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Specimen adulteration or Container contamination

A

Sulfur

73
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Trimethylaminuria

A

Rotting fish

74
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Ingestion of onions, garlic, and asparagus, UTI

A

Pungent, Fetid

75
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Hawkinsinuria

A

Swimming pool

76
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria

A

Cat urine

77
Q

Urine Odor: ___
Cause: Multiple carboxylase deficiency

A

Tomcat urine

AUBF (8 decks)

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