Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUBF > Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

_____, _____ and the ancient Egyptians inferred diagnoses from urine evaluation, but it was not until the Middle Ages that uroscopy reached
diagnostic dominance

A

Hippocrates, Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

it was not until the ____ that uroscopy reached
diagnostic dominance

A

Middle Ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

it was not until the Middle Ages that uroscopy reached diagnostic dominance. A major reason for its rise to prominence was the
publication of ______ in 1491

A

Johannes de Ketham’s Fasciculus Medicinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

first illustrated medical book printed

A

Johannes de Ketham’s Fasciculus Medicinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disease was thought to result from the imbalance of the 4 humours:

A

1.Sanguineous (blood)
2.Choleric (yellow bile)
3.Phlegmatic (phlegm)
4.Melancholic (black bile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contribution: 1st documented the importance of sputum examination; Uroscopy
Scientists: ____

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contribution: Albuminuria by boiling urine
Scientists: ____

A

Frederik Dekkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contribution: Wrote a book about “pisse prophets”
Scientists: ____

A

Thomas Bryant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contribution: Examination of urine sediment
Scientists: ____

A

Thomas Addis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contribution: Introduced urinalysis as part of doctor’s routine patient examination
Scientists: ____

A

Richard Bright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contribution: Urochrome
Scientists: ____

A

Ludwig Thudichum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contribution: Cerebrospinal fluid
Scientists: ____

A

Domenico Cotugno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contribution: Phenylketonuria
Scientists: ____

A

Ivar Følling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contribution: Alkaptonuria
Scientists: ____

A

Archibald Garrod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contribution: Orthostatic or cyclic proteinuria
Scientists: ____

A

Frederick William Pavy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contribution: Cystine calculi
Scientists: ____

A

William Wollaston

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contribution: Benedict’s reagent
Scientists: ____

A

Stanley Benedict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Babylonians and Egyptians used to detect diabetes using the “______”

A

taste test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hindu physicians noticed that “____” attracted ants

A

honey urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Urine Composition. ____ water; ____ solute

A

95-97% water; 3-5% solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Urea: major _______ substance

A

organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chloride: major _________ substance

A

inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Urine Composition. Total solids:

A

UREA: MAJOR ORGANIC SUBSTANCE
CHLORIDE: MAJOR INORGANIC SUBSTANCE
NaCl: PRINCIPAL SALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Container = clean, dry, leak-proof containers, with a wide base and an opening of at least ____

A

4cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Container should be made of a
_____ to allow for determination of color and clarity

A

clear material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Container = recommended capacity of the container is 50mL, which allows ______ of specimen needed for microscopic

A

12mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

must be attached to the container, not to the lid, and should not become detached if the container is refrigerated or frozen

A

Label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

must accompany specimens delivered to the
laboratory, the information on the form must match the information on the specimen label

A

Requisition form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: Routine screening, Can be collected any time

A

Random/Occasional/ Single

30
Q

Random/Occasional/ Single, Ideal for cytology studies (ONLY if with prior ___________ & _____________ 5 mins before
collection

A

hydration & exercise

31
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: Ideal for routine urinalysis, Essential for preventing false-negative pregnancy tests, Most acidic and most concentrated, For evaluating orthostatic proteinuria

A

First Morning

32
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: 2nd voided urine after a period of fasting, For glucose determination

A

Second Morning/Fasting

33
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: For diabetic screening and monitoring, Preferred for testing glucose

A

2-hour post- prandial

34
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: Optional with blood samples in glucose tolerance

A

Glucose tolerance

35
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: At least 2 voided collection, Used in diagnosis of diabetes

A

Fractional specimen

36
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: For routine screening and bacterial culture

A

Midstream clean- catch

37
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: For bacterial culture, May be urethral or ureteral

A

Catheterized

38
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: Bladder urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology

A

Suprapubic aspiration

39
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: Use soft, clear plastic bag with adhesive, Urine collected from diaper is NOT recommended

A

Pediatric specimen

40
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: For prostatic infection

A

Three-glass technique

41
Q

Types of Urine Specimen: For prostatic infection
1. First portion of voided urine
2. Middle portion of voidedurine
3. Urine after prostatic massage

A

Three-glass technique

42
Q

Stamey-Mears Test for Prostatitis (Four-glass collection)
VB1: ?
VB2: ?
EPS: ?
VB3: ?

A

VB1: initial voided urine
VB2: midstream urine
EPS: expressed prostatic secretions
VB3: prostatic massage urine specimen

43
Q

Timed specimen. Quantitative testing

A

a) 24-hour
b)12-hour
c) 4-hour (first morning)
d) Afternoon (2-4 pm)

44
Q

Quantitative testing. requires preservative

A

24-hour

45
Q

Quantitative testing for Addis count

A

12-hour

46
Q

Quantitative testing for nitrite det.

A

4-hour (first morning)

47
Q

Quantitative testing for urobilinogen det

A

Afternoon (2-4 pm)

48
Q

Process providing documentation of proper sample ID from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

A

Chain of Custody

49
Q

Required urine volume

A

30-45 mL

50
Q

Container capacity

A

60 mL

51
Q

Temperature (checked within 4 mins)

A

32.5-35.7

52
Q

Added to toilet water reservoir to prevent specimen adulteration

A

Bluing Agent

53
Q
A
54
Q

After collection, specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly
and tested within _____

A

2 hours

55
Q

A specimen that cannot be delivered and tested within 2 hours should be _____ or have an appropriate chemical preservative added.

A

refrigerated

56
Q

Changes in Unpreserved Urine. Increased:

A

pH
Bacteria
Odor
Nitrite

57
Q

Changes in Unpreserved Urine.
Darkened/Modified:

A

Color

58
Q

Changes in Unpreserved Urine.
Decreased:

A

Clarity
Glucose
Ketones
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
RBC/WBC/Casts
Trichomonas

59
Q

a preservative that best suits the needs of the required analysis should be chosen

A

Urine preservatives

60
Q

Urine preservative: Preserves glucose and sediments well

A

Thymol

61
Q

Urine preservative: Does not interfere with chemical tests

A

Refrigeration

62
Q

Urine preservative: Preserves protein and formed elements

A

Boric acid

63
Q

Urine preservative: excellent sediment preservative

A

Formalin (Formaldehyde)

64
Q

Urine preservative: Does not interfere with routine tests, Best all-around preservative

A

Toluene (Toluol)

65
Q

Urine preservative: Prevents glycolysis, good preservative for drug analysis

A

Sodium fluoride

66
Q

Urine preservative: Does not interfere w/ routine tests, causes an odor change

A

Phenol

67
Q

Urine preservative: Convenient when refrigeration not possible

A

Commercial preservatives tablets

68
Q

Urine preservative: Contains collection cup, C & S preservative tube or UA tube

A

Urine collection kits

69
Q

Urine preservative: Sample stable at room temp for 48 hours, preserves bacteria, preservative is boric acid

A

GRAY A & S TUBE

70
Q

Urine preservative: Use on automated instruments, Round or conical bottom

A

Yellow plain UA tube

71
Q

Urine preservative: stable for 72hrs at room temp, preservative is sodium propionate

A

Cherry red/Yellow top tube

72
Q

Urine preservative: used for cytology studies (50mL urine), preserves cellular elements

A

Saccomanno fixative

AUBF (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions