Sacrum

Question 1

Which sacral segment is described as wedge-shaped from a lateral view?

Answer 1

the first sacral segment

Question 2

What muscle(s) may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

Answer 2

psoas major

Question 3

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in children?

Answer 3

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

Question 4

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 4

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

Question 5

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

Answer 5

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 6

What muscles will attach to the sacral mammillary processes?

Answer 6

multifidis

Question 7

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

Answer 7

transverse ridges

Question 8

What part of the sacral ala continues along the ventral surface of sacrum to about S4?

Answer 8

the costal element

Question 9

What forms the medial sacral crest?

Answer 9

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

Question 10

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

Answer 10

intermediate sacral crest

Question 11

What muscles may attach to the median sacral crest?

Answer 11

latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis

Question 12

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 12

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

Question 13

What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?

Answer 13

the sacral cornu

Question 14

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

Answer 14

sacral hiatus

Question 15

An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

Answer 15

the lateral sacral crest

Question 16

What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest:

Answer 16

S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3-S5

Question 17

What is the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 17

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

Question 18

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 18

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

Question 19

What muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?

Answer 19

iliacus

Question 20

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

Answer 20

auricular surface

Question 21

What classification of joint is formed by the auricular surface of sacrum?

Answer 21

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 22

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

Answer 22

the sacral promontory

Question 23

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 23

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intercornual ligament

Question 24

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 24

vertebral body S5, vertebral body Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

Question 25

What is the homolog for that posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

Answer 25

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 26

What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

Answer 26

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 27

What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at S5?

Answer 27

superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 28

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 28

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 29

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?

Answer 29

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 30

What ligament is a honolog of the intertransverse ligement at S5?

Answer 30

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 31

What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 31

sacrospinous ligament

Question 32

Which ligament has abroad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberostiy?

Answer 32

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 33

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro-iliac joint?

Answer 33

anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 34

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

Answer 34

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

Question 35

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 35

short posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 36

Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 36

long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 37

What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?

Answer 37

sacral cornu

Question 38

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

Answer 38

coccygeal cornu

Question 39

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

Answer 39

intercornual ligament