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Spinal Anatomy > Lumbar Region: Typical Lumbars: L1-L4 > Flashcards

Lumbar Region: Typical Lumbars: L1-L4 Flashcards

1
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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2
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

A

decrease in height, increase in circumfrence

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3
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

six

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4
Q

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

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5
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12, L1

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6
Q

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

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7
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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8
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

cervical- upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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9
Q

Cervical- upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach which structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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10
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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11
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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12
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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13
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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14
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament?

A

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

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15
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous process, imbrication, diminishes

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16
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

triangular

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17
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?

A

transverse

18
Q

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1?

19
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

20
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3; L4 then begins to decrease in length

21
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

accessory process

22
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

23
Q

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

24
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

25
Q

What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis and intertransversarrii

26
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus and intertransversarii

27
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

A

zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

28
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body and pedicle

29
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

30
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

31
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

mammillary process

32
Q

What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?

A

multifidis and intertransversarii

33
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

34
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophyses in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3 and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

35
Q

What name is given to the zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

A

joint symmetry

36
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane?

A

joint asymmertry or joint tropism

37
Q

Define or describe joint tropism.

A

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane

38
Q

What is the name(s) of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due the aging process?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

39
Q

What is Baastrup’s syndrome?

A

elongation of the lumbar spinous process as a result of aging

40
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

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