sac 2

Question 1

what are the kinds of developmental changes

Answer 1

physical
social
cognitive
emotional

Question 2

physical development

Answer 2

-changes in the body and its various systems such as development of the brain and its nervous system, bones, muscles

Question 3

social development

Answer 3

involves changes in an individual’s relationship with other people and their skills in interacting with others. - close firendships

Question 4

cognitive development

Answer 4

involves changes in an individuals mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving

Question 5

emotional development

Answer 5

involes changes in how an individual experiences different feelings

Question 6

stages of cognitive development

Answer 6

sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational, formal operational

Question 7

sensori-motor

Answer 7

Birth - 2 years

differentiates self from objects (peak a boo)

Question 8

pre-operational

Answer 8

2-7 years old

• learns to use language and to represent objects by images and works
• egocentric
• classifys objects through one feature

Question 9

formal operational

Answer 9

-starts to think logically

11- and up years old

Question 10

infacy (0-1)

Answer 10

trust vs mistrust

Question 11

toddlerhood (1-3)

Answer 11

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 12

preschool (3-6)

Answer 12

Initiative vs guilt

Question 13

elementary school (6-puberty)

Answer 13

industry vs inferiorty

Question 14

Adolescence(teen to 20)

Answer 14

identity vs role confusion

Question 15

young adulthood (20-40s)

Answer 15

intimacy vs isolation

Question 16

middle adulthood (40s-60s)

Answer 16

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 17

Late adulthood (60s-higher)

Answer 17

integrity vs despair

Question 18

continuous development

Answer 18

gradual and ongoing changes without sudden shifts

Question 19

discontinuous development

Answer 19

in distinct and separate stages

Question 20

quantitative change

Answer 20

variations in the quantity or amount. expressed in numbers

Question 21

qualitative change

Answer 21

changes in quality, kind or type

Question 22

heredity

Answer 22

involves the transimission of characteristics from biological parents to offspring

Question 23

environment

Answer 23

refers to all experiences, objects and events which one is exposed to throughout their life

Question 24

maturation

Answer 24

refers to the orderly way development changes which occurs in the nervous system and other bodily structures

Question 25

principle of readiness

Answer 25

states that unless the bodily structures for example muscles, bones, nerves or other areas are mature then no amount of practice will produce the particulat action

Question 26

sensitive periods of development

Answer 26

-times of rapid change when individuals seem to be more vulnerable to influences from their environment

Question 27

critical periods

Answer 27

specific periods in development during an organism, more vulnerable to the deprivation or absence of certain experiences

Question 28

identical twins

Answer 28

monozygotic | single egg splits, results in genetically identical

Question 29

fraternal twins

Answer 29

dizygotic | two eggs are fertilized. not genetically identical

Question 30

iq is related to

Answer 30

heredity

Question 31

emtional development

Answer 31

children that spent early years in an orphanages experienced little care and attention = emotional difficulties in later years in adulthood

Question 32

attachment

Answer 32

between 6 and 8 months dramatic departure from the earlier pattern special attachement to caregiver

Question 33

attachment theory

Answer 33

humans infants need a secure relationship with adult for healthy emotional and social development to occur

Question 34

insecure aviodant attachment

Answer 34

- plays with stranger - doesnt care if mother is there or not - no interest when mum comes back - aviods her

Question 35

secure attachment

Answer 35

indifferent to stranger, upset when mum leaves, happy when returns, easily calmed

Question 36

insecure resistant attachment

Answer 36

- fear of stranger - very distressed - wants conformt but may resist comfort

Question 37

benefits of adoption studies

Answer 37

Psychologists can study the similarities and differences between the child and their biological versus adopted parents to see to what extent genetic and their environment has had on their development.

Question 38

types of development

Answer 38

observable: physical development | not directly observable: types of development changes

Question 39

jean piaget

Answer 39

changed the dominant view on the development of cognitive abilities in children

Question 40

adaptation

Answer 40

taking in, processing organizing and using new information in ways which enable us to adjust to changes in our environment

Question 41

adaptation

Answer 41

assimilation | accommodation

Question 42

assimilation

Answer 42

using existing information and fitting it into and making it part of an existing mental idea

Question 43

accommodation

Answer 43

changing an existing idea to fit new information

Question 44

egocentrisim

Answer 44

unability tosee things from another person's perpective

Question 45

animism

Answer 45

belief that everything has a conscious awareness

Question 46

transformation

Answer 46

understanding that something can change from one state to another

Question 47

centration

Answer 47

ability to focus on only one quality or feature of an object

Question 48

reversibility

Answer 48

is the ability to follow a line of reasoning back to a point

Question 49

symbolic thinking

Answer 49

increasing ability to use symbols such as words and pictures to represent object, places and events.

Question 50

concrete operational

Answer 50

7-11 can think logically about objects and events