SAAB 340 LNCK 2 Study

Question 1

What Icing conditions can the SAAB NOT operate in?

Answer 1

Freezing Drizzle and Freezing rain.

Question 2

Icing Conditions defintion as per the FCOM? In these conditions……. Finish the sentence.

Answer 2

Icing conditions exist when visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile (1,850 m) or less, rain, snow, sleet, ice crystals) or standing water, slush, or snow (hard packed snow excluded) is present on the ramps, taxiways or runways and the OAT or SAT is +5°C and below during ground and flight operation.

In these conditions, or whenever the blue ICE SPD status light or EAI is on, the minimum speed for flight in icing conditions must be observed. IAS mode must be selected on the FD if climbing when these conditions exist.

Question 3

Can you use the SAAB anti-icing systems on the ground to clear ice and snow?

Answer 3

No you cannot.

Question 4

Does the take off permance data take into account ice, snow or frost?

Answer 4

The take off performance data assumes the aircraft is free from ice, snow or frost.

Question 5

What is the difference between De-icing and Anti-icing?

Answer 5

De-icing is a procedures for removing fozen contamination from the aircraft, normally carried out using heated de-icing fluids on the ground and aircraft de-icing systems while in flight

Anti-icing is a procedure to avoid frozen contamination forming on an aircraft. Nomrally carried out using anti-ice fluids on the ground and anti icing sysems while in flight.

Question 6

The aircraft must not depart if what kind of icing contamination is present?

Answer 6

Frost, ice or snow on any of its critical surfaces other than frost on the underside of the wing caused by cold soaked fuel.

Question 7

When can ice accretion occur on the ground?

Answer 7

• Fog or mist weather with temps at or below freezing. Rime type ice can form which can be thinker on the windward side.
• Cold nights with clear skys, frost may form on surfaces due to radiation.
• Falling snow with temps at or below freezing.
• after landing if aircraft is cold soaked below freezing and wet snow or rain is falling.

Question 8

What critical surfaces must be thoroughly inspected before entering the aircraft in icing conditions and who is allowed to do so?

Answer 8

• Aerofoils (wing and tail)
• engines
• propellers
• pitot static systems

Only PIC can inspect or other personnel able to report the results directly to the PIC.

Question 9

After de-icing what must be completed?

Answer 9

• Another inspection to confirm that all contamination is removed.
• If during completion of de-icing and take-off there is a possibility that the aircraft is re contaiminated or the HOT is expired a futher inspection must be conducted and if required aircraft de-iced again prior to take-off.

Question 10

• What de-icing fluid does Rex use and what is it?
• What does it provide protection against?

Answer 10

• Rex use Type 1 de-icing fluid.
• Type 1 fluid is an unthickened fluid that is normally applied as a mixture of glycol and water.
• Provides protection againts refreezing when there is no delay or minimal delay between de-icing and take-off.

Question 11

Who carries out de-icing procedures?

Answer 11

• Ground crew carry out de-icing procedures on request from the PIC.

Question 12

Where do you NOT spray de-icing fluid?

Answer 12

• Windows
• pitot static heads
• Static pressure ports
• OAT probe
• engine intakes and exhaust
• vents
• drains
• wheels and brakes.
• If there is a possibility that fluid will enter the pitot tubes, head covers should be fitted.
• The aircraft may be de-iced with or without the bings in place.

Question 13

• What should be carried out after de-icicng application and where does this begin?
• What shall be inspected?

Answer 13

• A post application safetly inspection which is carried out at the refrence point (left leading edge wing tip)
• What shall be inspected;
  1. Wings, horizontal and vertical stabilisers are free of ice. (ladders are provided)
  2. Control surfaces free of ice
  3. check fligth controls for full travel in conjunction with pilot
  4. trim full travel
  5. props free of ice
  6. prop rotation and if prop stuck dont use force
  7. exhaust nozle clear and free of trapped fluid
  8. clean up and lower duct segments free of ice and fluid
  9. engine air inlets and inlet protection device are completely clear
  10. ensure nose and main gear wells are free of ice
  11. pitot static ports are free of obstruction
  12. inlets and drains free from ovbstruction
  13. antennae free from ice
  14. door free from ice
  15. windshields and other windows for visibility.

Question 14

• Where does de-icing commence?
• What flap setting should be set?
• Can crew use the windshield wipers to clear de-icing fluid?

Answer 14

• left hand wing tip leading edge. This becomes the refrence point for the PIC to determine if ICE has reformed.
• Flap zero.
• Crew cannot use the windshield wipers to clear the de-icing fluid.

Question 15

What is HOT? What varies HOT? Where can we observe HOT times?

Answer 15

• Hot (hold over times) is the estimated time thaty de-icing fluid will prevent the formation of frozen contaiminates on the trated surfaces of the aircraft during ground operations.
• HOT varies with dilution rate (water and glycol ratio), OAT, aircraft skin temp, and precipitation type.
• In the FCOM Chapter 4.4.3

Question 16

• before engine start for flights in icing condition what must be free from ice?
• Is any ice acceptable?

Answer 16

• Wing and tail must be free of frost ice and snow as well as water accumulation.
• Light rime or thin hoar frost on the upper surface of the fuselage is acceptable. provided all vents and ports are clear and not obstructed.
• A thin later of frost up to 3mm is acceptable on the underside surface of the wing in the fuel tank area whoch has formed as a result of codl fuel in high himidity conditions.

Question 17

• After engine start of a cold soaked aeroplane if HP bleed air is required how long is needed to wait before selecting on?
• What else should be done after engine start?
• What should be done if the bottoming governor doesnt engage?
• Once PGB oil warmed up how can you check bottoming governor?

Answer 17

• 5 minutes to avoid overtemping the ECS.
• Adjust flight deck air to full defogging capability as required,
• windshields are to be heated with aircraft systems only
• check de-icing boots
• cycle flaps a couple times
• check bottoming governor engagement.
• Retard CL back to start and wait until prop oil temp has increased to above 25 degreees and the fuel/propeller oil heat exchanger process has initiated.
• CL min max range and retard the PL into reverse checking for Ng increase.

Question 18

Cold start what Lights can potentially illuminate and why?

Answer 18

OIL BYPASS light due to the high oil viscosity. and FUEL LOW TEMP due to the fuel being cold which will remain until prop oil temp has increased enough to heat fuel. This warm up can take aprox 5 min.

Question 19

Take off into icing conditions what power setting is to be applied?

Answer 19

Rated Power.

Question 20

Airspeed;
1. When must the minimum speed for flight in icing conditions be achieved by when selecting EAI ON?
2. What is the minimum enroute speed in incing conditions normal operations?
3. When should you discontinue a climb in icing conditions normal operations?
4. OEI once climbing from the acceleration altitude in icing conditions what speed is used?
5. When should half bank be turn ON in icing apart from climb.
6. What is the only vertical mode to be using climbing in icing conditions?

Answer 20

1. Prior to the sleecting the EAI ON.
2. 160 knots
3. When climbing at 160 knots and not able to attain +500fpm.
4. Venroute +10 with 1/2 bank ON. and when above the MMA/MSA/LSA acceleration is permited to increase margin to stall.
5. When operating in moderate/sevre icing.
6. Indicated, except other modes made be used to transition to the correct speed.

Question 21

EAI:
1. How long must EAI remain on once leaving icing conditions?

Answer 21

1. 5 minutes.

Question 22

Prop De-ice:
1. What conditions should prop de-ice be ON?
2. What can develope if PROP de ice turned on too early?
3. Can you turn on to MAX before the usual temprature requirement?
4. How do you switch from NORM to MAX or other way around?
5. What do the PROP DE-ICE blue lights on the status panel mean?

Answer 22

1. > -5 degrees OFF, -5 to -12 degrees NORM, < -12 degrees MAX.
2. Runback ICE.
3. Yes, between -10 to -12 degrees if unacceptable prop vibrations occur. and if vibrations occur warmed than -10 MAX may be slected for short periods until vibration cease.
4. must select the OFF position first.
5. indicates system is working.

Question 23

Where do supercooled large droplets usually exist?

Answer 23

• exist in bands typically below 12,000 ft and less than 3000 ft thick.

Question 24

Boot De-ice:
1. When may you turn the boot de ice off?

Answer 24

1. • When the SAT is warmed than 5 derees and no ice observed and certain no ice accumulation.
   • No visible moisture present, 3 boot cycles (9 minutes) have been completed and ice is not actively accumulating after exiting visible moisture.
   • SAT below -40 degrees, can turn boots off before the completion of 3 cycles.

Question 25

When must Reduced Power Take-offs not be used?

Answer 25

ENG A/I on
Nose wheel steering INOP
Gear down Dispatch
CTOT inoperative
Anti-Skid INOP
Windshear or wake turbulence conditions
Visibility less than 1000m
After Ground de-icing

ENG Cant Always Win >1000 & Ground De-icing.

Question 26

When must ECS ON take offs NOT be conducted?

Answer 26

Would result in OFF loading payload
Runway is WET
ENG AI ON.